José Trinidad Muñoz Fernández

José Trinidad Muñoz Fernández (* 1790 in Granada (Nicaragua) , † August 18, 1855 in El Sauce , Departamento León ) was a Central American general .

Life

José Trinidad Muñoz Fernández was the son of a Spanish military man, he studied military affairs at the Escuela Militar de México . He headed an Academia o Colegio Militar in Nicaragua . The title Pacificador de las Segovias indicates that he was involved in the asymmetrical warfare against the indigenous people in northern Nicaragua, he signed the "Acta de San Juan de Limay" with other military personnel.

Dissolution of the Central American Confederation

In October 1838, the Francisco Ferrera government of Honduras informed the Central American government under Fruto Chamorro Pérez that aid troops from Nicaragua were no longer allowed to cross the territory of Honduras.

Fruto Chamorro Pérez ordered José Trinidad Muñoz, who commanded the Honduran troops, not to obstruct the passage of the troops. José Trinidad Muñoz disobeyed the order and when Nicaraguan troops reached Choluteca on August 17, they were forced to leave Honduran territory. When they failed to do so, they attacked José Trinidad Muñoz and they were defeated in a three-hour fight on August 19. According to Muñoz, 156 Nicaraguans were killed and many captured, and over 200 muskets were looted.

1844 Guerra de Malespín

The Nicaraguan Supremo Director Manuel Pérez handed over his office to Emiliano Madriz on September 26, 1844. In the Guerra de Malespín of 1844 Francisco Malespín commanded the troops from El Salvador, Francisco Ferrera the troops from Honduras and José Trinidad Muñoz the troops of the Partido Legitimista from Granada (Nicaragua) when they attacked León (Nicaragua) .

On the night of November 21, 1844, the Allied troops camped in the Barranca de San Antonio gorge . They reached León (Nicaragua) on November 26th, 1844 at 8 p.m. and dropped bombs on the city. On November 27, 1844 at 3 a.m., Francisco Malespín was drunk and ordered the attack on Leon, which ended in losses for the attackers. At sunrise he found his bed littered with corpses. However, the attack continued until 4 p.m. when Allied forces ran out of ammunition and many of their officers were killed or injured. Disorder arose and the Honduran troops wanted to break off the attack. José Trinidad Muñoz was in command and the attack continued. The following night José Trinidad Muñoz had entrenched, and by the morning of November 28, 1844, the Allied troops were ready to attack effectively.

A negotiating delegation from Hermenegildo Zepeda Fernández (* 1804; † August 7, 1880) and Jerónimo Carcache from Leon came to the headquarters of the Allied troops. Francisco Malespín spoke for the Allied troops. Leon's Surrender Agreement: Article 1 required El Salvador and Honduras to pay all expenses for the current war, and El Salvador to pay for the April 1843 war against Guatemala, since Nicaragua had given no allegiance to that war. Article 2 called for the surrender of all arms within the territory of Nicaragua. Article 3 called for the extradition of Joaquín Rivera Bragas (* 1795, † 1845), Exsenador Maximo Orellana, Miguel Alvarez, José Trinidad Cabañas, Gerardo Barrios , Diego Vigil Cocaña and Ramon Vijil. The corresponding peace treaty was signed by José León Sandoval . After the Guerra de Malesín, he was military governor of León.

In early July 1849 troops under José Trinidad Muñoz Fernández put down a rebellion in Rivas under Bernabé Somoza .

On August 4, 1851, General José Trinidad Muñoz Fernández led the coup, which urged Laureano Pineda and his cabinet to flee to Honduras. With this coup he switched back to the camp of the liberal Partido Democrático .

1855 Guerra Nacional

In 1855 General José Trinidad Muñoz Fernández was commander in chief of the troops of the Partido Democrático , which under Francisco Castellón Sanabria had power in León (Nicaragua) . The commander in chief of the troops of the Partido Legitimista was Ponciano Corral Acosta , who had power in Granada (Nicaragua) under José María Estrada . In October 1854, Francisco Castellón Sanabria signed a contract with the US military service provider Byron Cole, which stipulated the delivery of 200 men, who were led by William Walker in June 1855 .

Battle of El Sauce

In 1855 cholera raged for six months in El Sauce. On August 18, 1855 there was a battle near El Sauce, in which the conservative troops were led by José Santos Guardiola Bustillo from Honduras. El Sauce was flat terrain with no roads or buildings to defend. Here in a strange environment, José Santos Guardiola was waiting for the 600 men strong force of the Liberals, which were led by Muñoz. During the first rush, the trenches and a conservative cannon were overrun. On the side of the Partido Legitimista , Capitán Toribio Valle from Honduras Aniceto Miranda, Santos Chavarría, Ramón Cloter, Carmen Robledo and Camilo Castellón were killed. Idelfonso Zapata and José Centeno were killed on the Liberal side. The battle was fought by the forces of the Partido Demorcratico . On this occasion, Muñoz received a fatal shot in the ribs and gave his command to Colonel José María Sarria R.

Individual evidence

1. ^ Es : José Trinidad Cabañas
2. ↑ en: Hubert Howe Bancroft , HISTORY OF CENTRAL AMERICA. VOL. III. 1801-1887 , THE HISTORY COMPANY, PUBLISHERS SAN FRANCISCO, 1887
3. ↑ ucsd , Elections and Events 1811-1856 ( Memento of the original from May 26, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
4. ↑ grupoese 13 de Septiembre 2005, LA PRIMERA BATALLA DE RIVAS CONTRA WALKER ( Memento of the original of June 22, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
5. ↑ trinchera , 3 de Julio del 2008 La guerra de Rivas ( Memento of the original from August 21, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
6. ↑ en: El Sauce, León
7. ↑ manfut.org, Reseñas Históricas de El Sauce León
8. ↑ Robert L. Sheina, Latin America's Wars: The Age of the Caudillo, 1791-1899 , Brassey's, 2003, 624 pages