Julianenburg

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Castle with Julianenburg around 1729

The Julianenburg is a historical park in the East Frisian district town of Aurich ( Aurich district , Lower Saxony ). Only parts of the former princely pleasure garden with pleasure palace , which was laid out around 1640 in the immediate vicinity of the Aurich Palace , are preserved today. The former gate pillars of the park have stood at the western entrance of the Aurich pedestrian zone since 1976.

description

A. Fuchs: Floor plan of the Hochfürstlichen Residentz Aurich . The structure of the Julianenpark near the castle is shown on the lower left of the picture.

After the renovation work by Prince Christian Eberhard , the Julianenburg reached in length from the Schlosszingel to today's street Grüner Weg . Today's Ems-Jade Canal and Oldersumer Straße delimit the width of the former park area. The park was divided into three lengthways and three widthways. In addition, there were hedge paths that cut at right and acute angles, ten feet high, and trimmed, some of which formed geometric figures. Today's Graf-Ulrich-Strasse was the main axis of the former pleasure garden.

In keeping with the zeitgeist of the time, the park was strictly designed. The green area consisted of three parts. The first area was divided into a square. In its center there is a fountain with a statue of Mercury and another statue in each of the four corners. This part of the park reached up to a no longer existing water flow on the west side of today's Julianenburger Straße. This was followed by a large area with a star-shaped structure. In its center there was a roundabout with six statues placed in a circle. The maze is said to have been located in this area . The last area consisted of two rectangles and was closed off by a crescent- shaped pheasantry that was surrounded by bushes. There were fruit trees mainly in the front area facing the castle.

history

The two monuments at the western entrance to the pedestrian zone. Athena is shown on the left and Bellona on the right.

Count Ulrich II had the park laid out around 1640 in the midst of the turmoil of the Thirty Years War in honor of his wife Juliane on the west side of the Aurich Castle. Prince Christian Eberhard extended the gardens in 1691 and redesigned them based on the model of the gardens of Versailles Palace . It was also he who commissioned a large wooden portal for the entrance facing the castle in 1698. This measured 44 feet in width and 33 feet in height. It was painted green, white and gold and cost 700 Dutch guilders. Just a few years later, the prince had the portal replaced with the historic gate pillars that have been preserved to this day . There are statues of the Roman goddess of war Bellona with the East Frisian coat of arms as well as the Greek goddess of peace and war Athena with the princely monogram CE on the shield. The park was further redesigned under Prince Christian Eberhard.

Carl Edzard , the last East Frisian prince from the house of Cirksena, died on May 25, 1744 . King Friedrich II of Prussia then asserted his right of succession, which was regulated in the Emden Convention . Friedrich gave Carl Edzard's widow, Sophie Wilhelmine von Brandenburg-Kulmbach-Bayreuth, the entire interior of the palace as an apartment as well as the princely gardens, i.e. the Carolinen and Julianenburg for free use. During this time, the Julianenburg was tended by the master horticulturalist Reuter. He was allowed to keep the yield of the fruit trees. When Sophie Wilhelmine died in 1749, Reuter resigned because he said the expenses exceeded income. The garden then overgrown in the course of the Seven Years' War , during which East Friesland was occupied several times by foreign troops . After the war, the king had no use for the Julianenburg, which was rather modest compared to his Berlin and Potsdam gardens. The War and Domain Chamber therefore awarded the facilities in Aurich in leaseholds on a parcel basis. Today most of the area is built over. Parts of the park in the immediate vicinity of the palace, as well as the historic gate pillars , which Prince Christian Eberhard had erected at the entrance to the park in 1708, have been preserved. Today they adorn the entrance to the pedestrian zone. Julianenburger Straße and the new Julianenburger Park, which was created on the property of a retirement home that stands on part of the former pleasure garden, are reminiscent of the former princely pleasure garden.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Walter Deeters: Aurich . On the website of the Residences Commission of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen ; accessed on October 16, 2014.
  2. ↑ a b c Hinrich Schoolmann: Our dear little town - A walk through the old Aurich . Verlag AHF Dunkmann, Aurich 1975, p. 68, DNB 780061063 .
  3. ^ Edel Marzinek-Späth, Martin Stromann (photos): Aurich - Das Stadtbuch . Verlag SKN, Norden 2003, ISBN 3-928327-58-5 . P. 71
  4. ↑ Fridrich Arends: Earth description of the principality of East Friesland and the Harlingerland . Emden 1824, p. 87, Textarchiv - Internet Archive , ISBN 1-143-80780-4 .
  5. ^ Heinrich Friedrich Wilhelm Perizonius : History of East Frisia. Edited from the best sources . 4 volumes. Risius, Weener 1868–1869, p. 383 (reprint: Schuster, Leer 1974, ISBN 3-7963-0068-5 ).
  6. ^ Tileman Dothias Wiarda : Ostfriesische Geschichte . Volume 8 (from 1734 to 1758). P. 378 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive )

Coordinates: 53 ° 27 ′ 59.5 ″  N , 7 ° 28 ′ 20.6 ″  E