Julio Baghy

Julio Baghy (born January 13, 1891 in Szeged , † March 18, 1967 in Budapest ; actually: Gyula Baghy ) was a Hungarian author and actor. Some of his novels and poems have appeared in various languages. He was an Esperanto teacher and supporter of the Esperanto movement and served as vice president of the Esperanto Academy .

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Baghy tombstone

His father was a drama actor and his mother a theatrical bouffleuse. After finishing school he also became an actor and director of various theaters. The war interrupted his career and he spent six years in Soviet captivity. Even during his youth many poems and short stories by him appeared in Hungarian newspapers. In 1911 he came across Esperanto , the basic idea of ​​which immediately fascinated him. He began his extensive Esperanto activity in the Siberian prisoner-of-war camp, where he held many courses for people of very different origins. After returning to Hungary after the war, he became one of the most important figures in the Esperanto movement and organized numerous Esperanto courses of all levels, literary evenings, etc.

Baghy was several times an actor and director of the theatrical productions that took place during the Esperanto World Congresses . He had ideas for the reorganization of the international Esperanto movement, which he presented in the "Publika letero" in 1931. Baghy worked towards the goal of raising the spiritual level of the Esperanto community. His attempt to define LL Zamenhof's birthday as "Day of the (Esperanto) Book" also aimed in this direction . The motto “Love creates peace, peace sustains humanity, and humanity is the highest ideal” was characteristic of Baghy's works.

Baghy worked for many Esperanto newspapers and was editor-in-chief at the "Literatura Mondo" until 1933.

Baghy's works became more and more critical and satirical from the 30s (verse “La vagabondo kantas” and novel / caricature “Verdaj Donkiĥotoj”) until he finally became a harsh critic of the Esperanto movement.

Poems

Baghy wrote his first poems while he was a prisoner of war in Russia. Zamenhof and other earlier Esperanto poets had been restricted by the scarce possibilities of the language, which Zamenhof was able to compensate in part, since in his poems the meaning and not the form were in the foreground.

The first volume of poetry “Preter la vivo” appeared in 1922 and showed new ways of Esperanto poetry: the words, rhymes and images deal with personal as well as humanistic topics. Poetry was Baghy's profession, his way of expressing his feelings in Esperanto was original and novel. By using assonantic rhyme forms he also skillfully expanded the linguistic possibilities.

In his second volume, “Pilgrimo”, which appeared in 1926, his talent came to the fore even more, even if it is perhaps a little too pathetic and romantic. For his third volume "Migranta Plumo", published in 1929, Baghy looked for other forms again. In the fourth and last volume “La vagabondo kantas” (1933), however, he returned to the classic Esperanto language in order to perfect his poetic talent - with slight influences from Hungarian poetry.

Short stories and novels

In his novellas “Dancu Marionetoj” (1927), “Migranta Plumo” and “Printempo en la Aŭtuno” (1931) he clearly showed himself to be a fighter for peace, sometimes painting in dark colors, sometimes with a sharp pen.

The first novel , "Viktimoj" (published in 1926), describes life in captivity; But Baghy's humor and ardor make it gripping and exciting to read. Probably the most important novel is “Hura!” (1930), the v. a. represents a satire on human society.

The work “La teatra korbo”, published in 1934, contains memories of Baghy's childhood, confessions about the person and author Baghy, as well as his life and work for Esperanto.

Works

• Arĝenta duopo , 1937, (band with Kálmán Kalocsay )
• Aŭtuna foliaro , 1965, 1970
• Bukedo , 1922, ERA 15 pĝ.
• Ĉielarko , 1966 - based on the fables of 12 people
• Dancu, marionetoj! , 1927, collection of short stories; 1931 author's edition, 1933 Literatura Mondo
• En maskobalo - four one-act plays 1977, Hungarian Esperanto Community (HEA)
• Heredaĵo 1939 La Verda Librejo, Shanghaj
• Hura! - satirical novel 1930; 1986 HEA
• Hooray for nothing! (German translation by Hura!), 1933, Innsbruck
• Insulo de Espero , continuation of Hura!
• Koloroj , 1960, Polish Esperanto Community (PEA)
• La Teatra Korbo - Collection of short stories, 1924, 1934 Leiden
• La Vagabondo Kantas , 1933; 1937
• La verda koro - 1937 Budapest, 1937 Rotterdam, 1947 Budapest, 1947 Rotterdam, 1948 Budapest, 1954 Rotterdam, 1962 Warsaw, 1965 Warsaw, 1969 Verona, 1969 Helsinki, 1978 Verona, 1982 Budapest
• Le printemps en automne France 1961
• Migranta Plumo - novella 1923, 1929
• Nik Nek kaj Kat Jen  ??
• Ora duopo 1966 Budapest (in a band with Kálmán Kalocsay)
• Pilgrimo - poetry volume 1926, 1991
• Preter la vivo - poetry volume 1923, 1931 Literatura Mondo, 1991 Phönix-Verlag
• Printempo en la aŭtuno , 1931 Cologne, 1932 China, 1972 Dansk Esperanto Förlag
• Sonĝe sub pomarbo - lyric theater play 1956 Warsaw, 1958 La Laguna
• Sur sanga tero , 1933, 1991
• Verdaj Donkiĥotoj (short stories and sketches, with short novel), 1933 Budapest, 1996 Vienna
• Viktimoj - novel from captivity in 1925, 1928, 1930, 1991
• Viktimoj and Sur Sanga Tero reappeared in one volume in 1971.

Works available online (in Esperanto)

• List of online readable works
• various works

literature

• M. Boulton, Poeto fajrakora. La Verkaro de Julio Baghy , Saarbrücken: Artur E. Iltis, 1983. p. 144
• Clelia Conterno, Baghy tra la tempo , in Literatura Foiro n. 43-44, jun-aŭg 1977, p 10-11
• G. Silfer, La leginda Baghy , in Literatura Foiro n. 65, February 1981, p 4-5

Web links

• Literature by and about Julio Baghy in the catalog of the German National Library
• Works by and about Julio Baghy in the ONB's collection for planned languages