Julodis pubescens

Julodis pubescens
Julodis pubescens
Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta) Order : Beetle (Coleoptera) Family : Jewel beetle (Buprestidae) Subfamily : Julodinae Genre : Julodis Type : Julodis pubescens
Scientific name
Julodis pubescens
( Olivier , 1790)

Julodis pubescens is a beetle from the family of jewel beetles (Buprestidae) and the subfamily of Julodinae . The genus Julodis is represented in Europe with six species . Inaddition to the nominate form described by Olivier, thespecies Julodis pubescens also occursin the subspecies Julodis pubescens yveni , which Mannerheim described in 1837 as Julodis ivenii .

Note on names and synonyms

The species was first described by Olivier in 1790 under the name Buprestis pubescens . The French short description begins bronzé, pubescent (bronze-colored, downy-haired). This explains the species name pubescens (Latin pubescent, downy hair).

Eschscholtz divided the genus Buprestis in 1829 . The species without a label, whose chest is flat and the body hairy , he summarized to the genus Jalodis ( Julodis ). According to Schenkling, the generic name Julodis should correctly be called Iulódis , is from old Gr . ιουλώδης (iulódes) derived and means the Iulus, similar to millipede . Mannerheim reports, on the other hand, that Eschscholtz himself changed the name Julodis by hand in the edition of his Entomological Atlas to Jalodis that was presented to Mannerheim . Mannerheim, however, interprets this change as an oversight by Eschscholtz and explains the name Julodis with altgr. ιόλος (iólos, fur), alluding to the generic feature also mentioned by Eschscholtz, the strong hairiness of the species of the genus. Also Marseul derives the name of give a wiki. ιουλώδης (iulódes), which he traces back to ióulos, poil (French for hair).

Since the species was first described by Olivier, some authors also called the beetle Julodis Olivieri (the Julodis described by Olivier ). In addition, in 1832 Brullé described some biological characteristics of the beetle under the name Buprestis onopordinis . The naming of synonyms by Brullé shows that Brullé made deliberate comments on the beetle Buprestis pubescens by Olivier, but was of the opinion that the name of Olivier had not been chosen correctly because the beetle was described by Fabricius as Buprestis onopordinis as early as 1801 be. That is why Brullé named the beetle according to what he believed to be an older description of the beetle. Brullé's assumption is wrong, however, that the Buprestis onopordinis described by Fabricius is a different beetle. Julodis onopordinis Brullé, on the other hand, is a synonym for Julodis pubescens . This fact was expressed by some older authors by the name Julodis Brullei (the Julodis onopordinis described by Brullé, not by Fabricius ) for our beetle.

When describing the subspecies Julodis pubescens yveni, Mannerheim adopts the generic name Ivenii from the third catalog of Dejean's beetle collection. There the location of Candia ( Crete ) is given and the name Bartels is noted. Neither Mannerheim nor Dejean gives any reference to the names Bartels or Iveni. At BioLib, ivenii is explained by yveni's misspelling (incorrect spelling). The lepidopterologist AF Hüber names a butterfly species he describes Noctua iveni in honor of the Petersburg doctor and entomologist C. Iven.

In 1923, Obenberger described the variation cretica . Julodis pubescens cretica is considered a synonym for Julodis pubescens yveni . In both Mannerheim and Marseul, the beetle was not listed as a subspecies, but as a separate species Julodis yveni .

Properties of the beetle

Fig. 1: Julodis pubescens pubescens side view
Fig. 2: Julodis pubescens pubescens top view
Fig. 3: left wing cover, structure of the ribs S wing cover seam, 1–5 ribs, solid line: main rib , dashed line secondary ribs
Fig. 4: Julodis pubescens yveni top view
Fig. 5: J. pubescens yveni top and bottom
Fig. 6: attempted copulation	Fig. 7: Front

The elongated oval beetle reaches a body length of up to 35 millimeters and a width of thirteen millimeters; the males are significantly smaller than the females (Fig. 6). The beetle is almost round in cross-section. The beetle is a single, dark bronze color, the underside a little darker. The body color can have a greenish or purple tinge , especially in the subspecies yveni . The beetle has long, silver-gray fluffy hairs that protrude slightly in places. On the elytra , the hair is shorter to short and lying. The hair on the top is rather sparse, on the underside it can be quite dense in places (Fig. 1).

The head is lowered and only slightly retracted into the chest. It is dotted with rough wrinkles . The lateral eyes are oval, only slightly protruding and are well in front of the pronotum (Figs. 6, 7). The end phalanx of the four-part jaw palpation is longer and truncated ovoid. The end link of the three-part lip switch is conical and trimmed. The strong upper jaws are slightly curved, have a simple point and a small blunt tooth on the inner edge. The eleven-limbed antennae are dark bronze-colored and from the fifth limb onwards are clearly sawn inwards, the fourth limb is shorter than the third and it is already triangular. The second antenna segment is very small. The antennae are shorter than the head and pronotum combined.

The pronotum is much wider than it is long. It narrows towards the front, the rounded front angles are curved downwards and cannot be seen from above. It is strongly arched and coarsely dotted with pits, the raised areas are shiny. In the nominate form, a slightly raised, irregular and shiny center line runs near the base (Fig. 2). The pronotum is slightly convex and widened at its base, the posterior angles are acute. The base of the pronotum is concave in front of each wing cover, drawn back in the middle in a blunt point. It closes tightly to the elytra, which are only slightly wider than the pronotum at their base. In the subspecies Julodis pubescens yveni , the pronotum has a green-gold sheen and the midline is also not formed at the base (Fig. 4).

The label is not visible. On cursory inspection, the rounded tip at the center of the base of the pronotum, which is slightly raised towards the back, can be misinterpreted as a label (Figs. 2 and 4).

The elytra are four times as long as the pronotum. The edge is bent under and cut clearly concave over the hind legs (Fig. 6). They end in a rounded tip. They are even more coarsely wrinkled than the pronotum. As long as the young beetle is still floury, you can clearly see five ribs. Each rib is divided by two rows of dots into a main rib (solid line in Fig. 3) and two secondary ribs (dashed lines in Fig. 3), with only the main rib raised like a rib. The first rib (in Fig. 3 ocher-colored, 1) merges after the first third with the keel-like raised wing cover seam (in Fig. 3 green, S). The third and fourth ribs (in Fig. 3 blue, 3 and 4) unite at the end before they meet the second rib (in Fig. 3 pink, 2), the fifth rib (in Fig. 3 red, 5) is shortened at the base. As soon as the dust on the wing covers has been rubbed off in the older animal, the ribs are only indistinctly recognizable, most likely through the hair thickened in strips between the ribs. In the nominate form, this hairiness is downy and partially protruding (Fig. 2), whereas in the subspecies yveni it is very short and close-fitting (Fig. 4). With yveni , the wing covers can have a purple or green shimmer and the dots appear more reticulate.

The front chest is equipped with a rather narrow extension towards the middle chest that is somewhat widened behind the front hips. This extension rests in a recess in the center breast. In the subspecies yveni , the middle abdomen segments are shimmering green in the last fifth (Fig. 5 right).

The legs are also roughly dotted. The spherical front hips are close together. The also spherical middle hips are a little apart. The hind hips are transverse, widened inward and clearly cut out at the back. The splints are only slightly longer than the legs and the tarsi, they end in two short teeth. The limbs of the five-limbed tarsi are broad, the claw limb is oblong and square, a little longer than the penultimate limb.

biology

The beetles fly clumsily. They are found on various plants from the beginning of April to the end of July. They like to cling to the panicles of grass, often in groups. The females lay oval whitish eggs that are equally thick at both ends. Before the eggs are laid, the females' abdomen is so swollen that it bulges out from under the wing covers. The eggs are laid in the ground, the larvae feed on the roots of various trees, shrubs and herbs.

distribution

The subspecies Julodis pubescens yveni is endemic to Crete . The nominate form occurs in Europe only in Greece, on the Greek islands (except Crete) and in the European part of Turkey .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Julodis pubescens and Julodis from Fauna Europaea, accessed on October 9, 2018
2. ↑ ^{a b} Mannerheim Enumeration des Buprestides et description de quelques nouvelles espèces de cette tribu de la famille des Sternoxes in Bulletin de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou 1837 vol. VIII p. 12 p. 11 f: Explanation of the generic name, p. 21 No. 13 Julodis ivenii
3. ↑ M. Olivier: Entomologie ou Histoire Naturelle des Insectes Coleoptères Tome II Paris 1790 as the 71st species of the 32nd genus
4. ↑ Johann-Friedrich Eschscholtz: Zoological Atlas…. 1st issue. Berlin 1829 Division of Buprestis p. 8
5. ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (genus)
6. ↑ ^{a b c} S. A. de Marseul : Monograph des Buprestides in L'Abeille - Mémoires d'Éntomologie tome II, Paris 1865 p. 29 Genus Julodis , p. 32 Key of the species, p. 77 No. 39 J. yveni , p. 78 No. 40 J. olivieri
7. ^ ^{A b} M. Brullé: Expédition scientifique de Morée Tome 3, Zoologie, 2nd Section Paris 1832 p. 136, No. 184 Buprestis onopordinis in the Google book search
8. ↑ Joh. Chr. Fabricius: Systema Eleutheratorum Volume 2. Kiel 1801 p. 202, No. 91 in the Google book search
9. ^ Synonyms for Julodis pubescens
10. ^ Dejean: Catalog de la Collection de Coléoptères de M. Le Baron Dejean Paris 1837 p. 84 Julodis Ivenii in the Google book search
11. ↑ BioLib Taxon profile ivenii and yveni
12. ↑ AF Hüber: A New Noctua in Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae VI. Volume, p. 135 Explanation of names p. 136
13. ↑ Jan Obenberger: De novis Buprestidarum regionis Palaearcticae Speciebus III in Časopis - Acta Societatis Entomologicae Čechosloveniae Volume 20, Praze (Univ. Prague) 1923, pp. 15 ff Var. cretica p. 22 No. 12, as var. to Yveni p. 20 No. 8
14. ↑ ^{a b} cretica as a synonym for ivenii and distribution in Fauna Europaea, accessed on October 9, 2018
15. ↑ Gustav Jäger (Ed.): CG Calwer's Käferbuch. K. Thienemanns, Stuttgart 1876, 3rd edition, p. 326.
16. ^ Ludwig Redtenbacher: Fauna Austriaca - Die Käfer 3rd edition, 1st volume, Vienna 1874 p. 501 Julodis
17. ↑ Distribution of Julodis pubescens pubescens in Fauna Europaea, accessed on October 9, 2018

Web links

Commons : Julodis pubescens  - collection of images, videos and audio files