Külliye
Külliye is the modern term from the early 20th century for a socio-religious foundation that belongs to a large mosque and often also serves charitable purposes. In Ottoman documents, such a complex was usually referred to as İmaret or İmaret with a Friday mosque .
Buildings and their functions
The establishment of a Külliye usually includes a soup kitchen ( Ottoman عمارت İmaret ), one or more universities ( medrese /مدرسه), a library (Kütüphane or Darülkütüb /دارالکتب), an elementary school ( Mektep /مکتب), a hospital ( Darüşşifa /دارالشفاء), a bath ( hammam /حمام), Latrines, a public fountain house with drinks ( Sebil /سبيل) and a caravanserai ( Kervansaray /کاروان سرای) for travelers. Sometimes a Sufi dervish convent ( Tekke /تكيه) or a guest house for wandering dervishes ( tabhans /طبع خانه) as well as an open or closed market, whose rental income benefits the foundation and supplies the surrounding residential area ( Mahalle /محله) serves. Some large Sultanskülliyen have an institute for astronomical determination of prayer times and the like ( Muvakkithane /موقت خانه) fitted. In the mosque gardens rest in mausoleums ( Türbe /تربه) the founders of the Külliyen and other important personalities. Today the buildings often serve other purposes.
Architectural history
The concept of the Külliye goes back to the various functions of a mosque in the early days of Islam , when the mosque was a place of prayer and religious teaching and served as a hostel. The first Külliyen in Anatolia were built by the Artukiden . An example of these structures that has survived to this day is the Eminüddin Külliyesi in Mardin , built in the early 12th century . In the Ottoman Empire of the 14th and 15th centuries it became customary to expand the functions of Külliyen and to assign separate buildings to the various functions. The Külliye of Istanbul's Fatih Mosque , which was built soon after the conquest of Constantinople in the second half of the 15th century and named in the foundation charter Neues İmaret , became the model for similar complexes throughout the Ottoman Empire . The largest and most important Külliyen were subsequently donated by the Ottoman sultans and their family members as well as by the high dignitaries of the empire.
"Külliye" has also been the official name of the presidential palace in Turkey since January 2015 , and this name is intended to tie in with Ottoman tradition.
Web links
- Sultan Mehmed Fatih Complex, Istanbul , Retrieved January 21, 2011
- Şehzade Complex, Istanbul , accessed January 21, 2011
- Suleymaniye Complex, Istanbul . Retrieved January 21, 2011
- Yeni Valide Complex, Istanbul . Retrieved January 21, 2011
Individual evidence
- ↑ Site plan and floor plan in: Amy Singer: Constructing Ottoman Benefice. At Imperial Soup Kitchen in Jerusalem. State University of New York 2002, pp. 2 and 47
- ^ Gülru Necipoğlu: The Age of Sinan. Architectural Culture in the Ottoman Empire . London 2005, p. 71
- ^ A b Godfrey Goodwin: Külliyye. In: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, CE Bosworth, E. van Donzel and WP Heinrichs. Brill, 2011. Brill Online, accessed January 21, 2011
- ↑ Heinz Jürgen Sauermost and Wolf-Christian von der Mülbe: Istanbul Mosques. Munich 1981, p. 30 f.
- ^ Page of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Turkey , accessed on January 23, 2011
- ↑ Ömür Bakırer: Sources and Documents to Mehmet the Conqueror as a patron of architecture . In: Neslihan Asutay-Effenberger (ed.): Sultan Mehmet II: Conqueror of Constantinople, patron of the arts . Köln et altera 2009, p. 47
- ↑ Reconstruction of the floor plan of the Fatih Camii complex ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at archnet.org, accessed January 21, 2011
- ^ Hürriyet Daily News January 16, 2015
