Karelianism
Karelianism was a cultural phenomenon of the Grand Duchy of Finland at the end of the 19th century, which included writers, painters, poets and sculptors. Since the publication of the national epic Kalevala in 1835, artists' interest in the heritage and landscape of Karelia has increased . By the late 19th century, Karelianism became a mainstream in Finnish art and literature. In this movement there was a glorification of Karelia, which was understood as a refuge for the essence of Finnish national feeling and identity.
The painters Akseli Gallen-Kallela and Louis Sparre are typically mentioned as the founders of Karelianism. Soon afterwards, the sculptor Emil Wikström , the writer Juhani Aho , the journalist and poet Eino Leino , Ilmari Kianto , the composers Jean Sibelius and Pekka Juhani Hannikainen, and the architects Yrjö Blomstedt and Victor Sucksdorff joined Karelianism. The current lasted until the 1920s and reappeared during World War II when an irredentist movement wanted to create a Greater Finland .