Karl von Mangoldt

Hans Karl Emil von Mangoldt (born September 9, 1868 in Freiburg i. Br. , † July 2, 1945 in Berlin ) was a German housing reformer . He was secretary of the " Institute for Common Welfare " and founder, chairman and managing director of the "Association of Reich Housing Law" (from 1904 "German Association for Housing Reform").

Life

Karl von Mangoldt was born as the son of the political and economic scientist Hans Karl Emil von Mangoldt and his wife Louise, nee. von Lengerke (1834–1920) born. He grew up in Dresden, attended the Vitzthum-Gymnasium, studied law and economics in Freiburg and Leipzig, received his doctorate in law, but mainly dealt with economic issues.

Editor at the magazine Soziale Praxis

After completing his studies, he went to Dresden and worked there from autumn 1891 for a year as co-editor of “Sozialkorrespondenz” and secretary at “Verein Volkswohl”. From autumn 1895 to autumn 1899 he was employed as a secretary at the "Institute for Common Welfare" in Frankfurt am Main. There he worked on the housing issue in particular and took on regular reporting in the magazine “ Soziale Praxis ”. He campaigned for the improvement of the living conditions of the workers. In the course of increasing industrialization and the emergence of large working-class neighborhoods, housing deficits were widespread. In the course of his work he had "come to the conviction that a generous, comprehensive legislative procedure, on the part of the Reich" , was necessary and possible on the housing issue, and that a special organization and movement had to be set up for this.

Foundation of the German Association for Housing Reform

In 1898 he founded the German Association for Housing Reform (originally called the “Association of the Reich Housing Act”) and was the full-time managing director for many years. The Frankfurter Nachrichten reported on May 14, 1898, that a “considerable number of respected and influential men from the most varied of party lines in the local city” founded an association “which has set itself the goal of comprehensive legislative support for housing reform, primarily for a sweeping imperial housing law to enter ” with an expansion of the new“ association ... across all of Germany ”. This led to a far-reaching pooling of all those interested in the housing issue. Members also included "major economic ventures and large public corporations" . A lengthy illness caused Mangoldt to resign and return to his home town of Dresden. In the summer of 1900 Charles Hallgarten became the first chairman, a Jewish banker and great benefactor in Frankfurt. With increasing recovery Mangoldt got involved again for the club. When he was commissioned to write a booklet on the urban soil question for the association, an 800-page scientific work, The Urban Soil Question, grew out of which he became famous.

His wife Dr. Rose von Mangoldt wrote decades later: “The aim of the association was to induce the Reich to intervene comprehensively in the field of housing. This goal was never achieved: it gradually faded into the background and the task was to unite the supporters of housing reform from all parts of Germany into one large organization and to work towards the dissemination and implementation of housing reform ideas through scientific, organizational and agitation activities in order to promote housing reform to create functionally designed, healthy and inexpensive apartments for the lower-income strata. In 1904, in line with the changed objective, the association was given the name 'German Association for Housing Reform', which it retained until 1940. “ After Karl von Mangoldt had convened the First German Housing Congress in Frankfurt in 1904, he called the Second German Housing Congress in Leipzig in 1911 a. There he met his wife Rose, geb. Otto met and they married in 1912. In the spring of 1917, the German Housing Reform Association was affiliated with the German Housing Committee, which comprised a much wider group of organizations, and in connection with this the office of the association was relocated to Berlin. He also headed this combined office in Berlin for several years. Mangoldt withdrew from the management in 1920 in order to be able to devote himself to larger journalistic plans.

Commitment to better living conditions in Germany

Baron v. Stein, the chairman of the association, praised his work with the following words: The German association is “essentially a fruit of the thoughts and work of Dr. v. Mangoldt ... Early on he recognized the dangers for the physical and mental health of the people in poor housing conditions, and set himself the task of awakening an understanding of the need and the means to control it. If today the ideas of housing reform have become more or less common property, the first managing director of the German Association for Housing Reform, which was founded for this purpose, can claim a fully measured part of the earnings for himself. He tirelessly put his finger on the wound, both verbally and in writing, and with penetrating understanding he made it his business to clarify the burning questions. ” In the “ Testimony about the work of Dr. v. Mangoldt for the German Association for Housing Reform ” says, among other things: He “ has been the manager of the association since 1900 ... as a writer, speaker and organizer with a tireless workforce in a variety of ways. From his work in the field of writing, the publication of the 'Mitteilungen' of the German Association for Housing Reform, which has appeared as a periodical since 1912, as well as the publication of the yearbook of housing reform, whose volumes fall between 1903 and 1913, are particularly noteworthy ..... Organizational work took up a large part of his activity, the success of which was the founding of many provincial associations to promote small housing ..... Through trips, lectures and an exceptionally lively and skillful journalistic activity in the daily press he knew how to interest the public more and more in the necessary reforms of the housing industry ..... During the whole long time in which he led the business of the German Association, he worked tirelessly in parliaments, governments and city administrations through personal and written Influences his advertising activity en the thoughts represented by him unfolds. ” K. v. Mangoldt was picked up by the Russians in Berlin-Lichterfelde in the summer of 1945 and was killed.

Legacy as a housing reformer

For his lifelong endeavors, the words of his wife Dr. Rose v. Mangoldt: “The housing reformers started from the idea that the satisfactory design of housing and settlement conditions was a national necessity of the first order.” Over time, their thoughts have become common knowledge. Satisfying the housing needs of the less well-off population is no longer left to the private sector alone; property is generally subject to restrictions in favor of the general public. Karl von Mangoldt played a decisive role in this as the founder and longstanding managing director of the German Association for Housing Reform. In the course of the cities destroyed by the Second World War, many of the suggestions were taken up and implemented on a large scale.

Fonts

Karl von Mangoldt wrote a number of books as well as numerous articles for yearbooks, magazines and newspapers.

• The urban land question. An investigation into facts, causes and remedies. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1907. ( online )
• The urban land question. An overview. Lecture 1903, ed. from the "Association of the Reich Housing Act". Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1904.
• From two small German towns. A contribution to the workers' housing issue. Fischer, Jena 1894.
• The social question and the upper classes . Speech given to celebrate the foundation festival of the Social Science Students' Association in Berlin on November 2, 1894. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1895.
• The Reich Housing Law Association and its proposals (publications on the housing issue). Edited by Karl von Mangoldt. Frankfurt am Main 1898.
• Land speculation or non-profit land policy for Greater Berlin? A reform proposal from Dr. K v. Mangoldt (publications of the Greater Berlin Settlement Association). Heymann, Berlin 1908.
• Goals and prospects of the garden city movement. In: Peter Schmidt (Ed.): Am Born der Gemeinnützigkeit. Böhmert, Dresden 1909, pp. 212-233.
• How should the redesign of Greater Berlin be carried out? (Writings of the Greater Berlin Settlement Association, 6). Berlin-Schöneberg 1910.
• Legal system and housing conditions. Gebel, Berlin-Lichterfelde 1912.
• The German Association for Housing Reform and its work . German Association for Housing Reform, Frankfurt am Main 1912.
• The demands of the German housing reform movement on the legislature. Proposals accepted by the 2nd German Housing Conference. Frankfurt am Main, ... 1912. Published by the German Association f. Housing reform, Frankfurt am Main (Göttingen 1913).
• Housing reform by the Reich. In: Forward on the Housing Question! ... lectures go on d. Founding meeting of the German. Housing Committee in Berlin 1916. Berlin 1917.
• with G. Albrecht and M. Rusch: Housing question and transition economy (writings of the German Housing Committee, 3). Heymann, Berlin 1917.
• The big city problem and the ways to solve it. Pontos-Verlag, Berlin et al. 1928. (Special print from the magazine Die Wohnung , vol. 2. H. 11/12; vol. 3. H. 1/2, Berlin.)
• 30 years of housing reform, 1898–1928. Memorandum on the occasion of the thirtieth anniversary. Edited by the German Association for Housing Reform, Heymann, Berlin 1928.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ K. v. Mangoldt: Thirty Years of Housing Reform, 1898–1928. Edited by the German Association for Housing Reform. Berlin 1928, p. 7.
2. ^ Frankfurter Nachrichten, May 14, 1898
3. ↑ Rose von Mangoldt, in: Handwortbuch des Städtebaues, Housing and Settlements (Ed.): H Wandersleb , p. 1760 Stuttgart
4. ↑ Rose von Mangoldt, Concise Dictionary of Urban Development Housing and Settlement, p. 176.
5. ↑ See K. v. Mangoldt: Thirty Years of Housing Reform, p. 56.
6. ^ Announcements of the German Association for Housing Reform, 1920 number 1/2
7. ↑ So Freiherr v. Stein on October 2, 1920.
8. ↑ In: Handbuch des Städtebaues, Housing and Settlements, p. 1760.
9. ↑ In: Handbuch des Städtebaues Housing and Settlement, p. 1761.