Kaurna

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The Kaurna, an Aboriginal tribe , traditionally lived in the land that lies in and around the Adelaide Plains of South Australia . Due to the effects of European colonization, the number of Kaurna fell within 20 years from 1000 to 180 Kaura in 1856. Their language was the Kaurna Warra.

country

The traditional Kaurna area extended in the region of South Australia via Cape Jervis and Fleurieu Peninsula to Port Wakefield on the eastern coast of Gulf Saint Vincent and further north to Crystal Brook in Mid North . The country reached an average of 100 kilometers inland and covered about 7200 square kilometers. Their area is bounded by the Aborigines of the Peramangk and Ngadjuri in the east, Nukunu in the north and Narangga in the west.

Clans were found in Snowtown , Blyth , Hoyleton , Hamley Bridge , Clarendon , Gawler, and Myponga , which are sometimes called Nantuwara. The Jultiwira (stringy bark forests) were on the border with the Mount Lofty Ranges . Between Hamley Bridge and Crystal Brook they were called Padnaindi . Little is known about the Kaurna's use of the Adelaide Plains, but of course they use hunting and gathering routes. When the first Europeans reached the area in 1836, fires were observed along the coast. This fire was part of clearing the undergrowth to encourage grass growth for emus and kangaroos .

colonization

The traditional way of life of the Kaurna tribe was destroyed within 20 years as a result of colonization by the Europeans. The last surviving full- blooded Kaurna Aboriginal woman was Ivaritij . The Kaurna's population was certainly decimated with the spread of smallpox in the southern states along the Murray River in 1836 .

The population decreased after the arrival of the European settlers through actions of Governor Hindmarsh as commander in chief and the proclamation in 1836 at Holdfast Bay (now Glenelg ), from about 1000 members before colonization to 180 in 1856. This land was called Terra Nullius Declared by the ordinance of the South Australia Act by the British Parliament on August 14, 1834, despite the South Australia Letters Patent 1836 issued by King William IV , which was ultimately adopted in 1992 by the Mabo v. Queensland (No. 2) was repealed.

The Kaurna language recorded by the German missionaries Christian Teichelmann and Clamor Schürmann between 1838 and 1846 has now been revived by the linguists Robert Amery and Jack Buckskin at the University of Adelaide .

Family relationships

The Kaurna lived independent family structures in certain areas they called Pangkarra . The Pangkarra always had access to the coast and expanded extensively inland. The coast was vital for fishing and the inland areas provided shelter for the tribe during inclement weather. The pangkarra was then divided into subgroups called yerta . All members in the Yerta and the different Pangkarra were related to one another. Marriage between a man and a woman without the same yerta was forbidden. The Kaura determined the conditions, such as the right to initiation and they were the southernmost tribe to use this.

Names

Some of the names by which the Kaurna are also known: Kaura (spelling mistake), Coorna, Koornawarra, Nantuwara (in relation to the northern Yerta, they are the Kangaroo Speakers (kangaroo speakers)), Nantuwaru, Nganawara, Meljurna or Meyukattanna (in In relation to the northern yerta they are called quarrelsome men (contentious people), as also called by the southern yerta.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ University of Adelaide: Kaurna Warra Pintyandi: Kaurna Language in the City of Adelaide . Last modified: February 3, 2013
  2. ↑ a b Phil Fitzpartick: Kaurna'Warra, A selected word list form the language of the Karuna People of the Adelaide Plains . Department of Environment and Planning, Aboriginal Heritage Branch, Adelaide 1991.
  3. ↑ a b c Bill Woerlee: Kudnarto . January 27, 2000 (e-book)
  4. ↑ City of Salisbury: Settlers on the Hill, A Local History of Para Hills . City of Salisbury, South Australia, 1985, p. 5 .
  5. ^ Parliament of South Australia: Establishing Representative Government: Aboriginal South Australians and early Government of South Australia . September 21, 2006
  6. ^ Leipziger Missionswerk: Worldwide Relations: Australia
  7. ^ University of Adelaide: Kaurna Warra Pintyandi
  8. ↑ Thomas Wagner-Nagy: Australia: Linguists revive extinct Aboriginal language . In: Spiegel Online . 3rd February 2013