Pine owl
| Pine owl | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pine owl ( Agrotis vestigialis ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Agrotis vestigialis | ||||||||||||
| ( Hufnagel , 1766) |
The agrotis vestigialis ( Agrotis vestigialis ), and Gray Wurzeleule is called a butterfly ( moth ) from the family of cutworms (Noctuidae).
features
The wingspan of the moth is 32 to 44 millimeters. The front wings vary greatly in their basic color. This ranges from light brown to blue-gray and purple-brown to black-brown. The contrasting drawing with large, dark cone blemishes , small, indistinct ring blemishes and large, dark kidney blemishes is striking . The inner root field is often red-brown in color. An extended, light root line with a dark brown area underneath in the middle field extends to the kidney defect. There are several inwardly directed wedge marks between the outer transverse line and the wavy line. Particularly characteristic is the strongly jagged, light wavy line, which has a distinctive symbol in the middle in the form of the letter W lying down. The fringing area is dark. The hind wings are gray-brown, slightly darkened on the outside and show an indistinct, crescent-shaped central spot. The antennae of the males are combed in contrast to those of the females. The following color variations have been described:
- f. sagittiferus , Haw., with dark brown fore wings
- f. albidior , Pet., with whitish forewings
- f. nigra , Tutt., with blackish darkened forewings
The caterpillar is earth gray in color, occasionally turning green or reddish. It has a fine, dark, double back line and light, dark edged side stripes.
The doll is red-brown, the tapering cremaster has two thorns that are close together.
Similar species
- Agrotis graslini , Rambur, 1848, with forewings marked with pronounced contrast
- Agrotis endogaea , Boisduval, 1837, with wider and more rounded fore wings and longer cone blemishes
- Agrotis sabulosa , Rambur, 1839, with white hind wings
Geographical distribution and habitat
The species is widespread in Europe, except in northern Finland and Norway and in the Mediterranean region . To the east, the occurrence extends from Russia via Siberia to the Altai and the Amur region . The pine owl is bound to sandy areas and is occasionally common there.
Way of life
The pine owl forms one generation per year whose moths fly between July and September. The moths are diurnal and nocturnal and suckle on flowers such as Jacob's ragwort ( Semecio jacobaea ) or Dost ( Origanum vulgare ). They also get the bait and fly to artificial light sources . The caterpillars feed from September as cutworm preferably from the roots of grasses , Labkräutern ( Galium ), chickweed ( Stellaria ) or young pines ( Pinus ) and are thus in pine plantations can be harmful. This behavior was also decisive for the naming. The main food intake takes place in spring. They overwinter as a young caterpillar. According to Rangnow and Fiedler, pupation takes place in July after six to eight weeks of prepupal time.
Danger
The species is widespread in Germany in dry, sandy areas, is not rare there and is therefore not classified as endangered on the Red List of Threatened Species , but it is on the warning list in Baden-Württemberg and North Rhine-Westphalia.
Systematics
In 1994 G. Stangelmaier and E. Lexer from Friuli-Venezia Giulia described the new subspecies Agrotis vestigialis morandinii .
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ Red lists at Science4you
- ↑ a b c Fibiger (1990: p. 79/80)
- ↑ Manfred Koch : We identify butterflies. Volume 3: Owls. 2nd, expanded edition. Neumann, Leipzig / Radebeul 1972, DNB 760072930 .
- ^ Forster & Wohlfahrt (1971: p. 13/4)
- ↑ a b Axel Steiner in Ebert (1998: pp. 537-540)
- ↑ Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (Ed.): Red List of Endangered Animals in Germany. Landwirtschaftsverlag, Münster 1998, ISBN 3-89624-110-9
- ↑ G. Stangelmaier and E. Lexer: A new subspecies of Agrotis vestigialis (Hufnagel, 1766) and its distribution in Friuli-Venezia Giulia (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) . Gortania Atti del Museo Friulano di Storia Naturale, 15: 237-245, Udine 1994 ZDB -ID 758711-9 .
literature
- Michael Fibiger: Noctuidae Europaeae Volume 1, Entomological Press, Søro 1990, ISBN 87-89430-01-8
- Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 4: Owls. (Noctuidae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1971, ISBN 3-440-03752-5 .
- Günter Ebert (Ed.): The Butterflies of Baden-Württemberg Volume 7, Nachtfalter V. Ulmer Verlag Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-8001-3500-0
Web links
- www.lepiforum.de Taxonomy and photos
- www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio distribution
- www.schmetterlinge-deutschlands.de Endangerment
- Agrotis vestigialis at Fauna Europaea