Klauber (copperplate engraver)

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Jesuit Church, Mannheim 1753, Klauber brothers

Klauber was a Augsburg family of engravers and art publishers. The progenitor was the innkeeper and businessman Franz Christoph Klauber . Two of his sons, Joseph Sebastian Klauber (born January 14, 1710 in Augsburg, † September 18, 1768 in Augsburg) and Johann Baptist Klauber (born June 21, 1712 in Augsburg, † around 1787 in Augsburg), were "court engravers of the Prince-Bishop of Augsburg ”and later also“ court engraver of the Elector Palatinate and the Prince Abbot of Kempten ”. In addition, a half-sister Maria Rosina Klauber is said to have worked.

Joseph Sebastian was a student of Melchior Rein in Augsburg, then with Anton Birkhart, who emigrated from Augsburg to Prague. After his return he initially worked for Johann Andreas Pfeffel. After Paul von Stetten, Johann Baptist was a student of Johann Heinrich Störklin.

The two brothers were active in the Rococo period, which was particularly cultivated in Augsburg. Above all, they stood out on images with religious motifs and the "Klauber name appears on quite a few products that were apparently manufactured industrially and without high aesthetic standards", so that Thieme-Becker found a wide range of quality, between rather "cultural history" relevant sheets and “artistically noteworthy”, “which are among the best of their kind”.

In 1737 Johann Baptist founded together with Gottfried Bernhard Göz (1708–1774), from whom many of the originals originated, a "Catholic picture publishing house" which was important at the time and which Göz continued to run from 1742 on. In 1748 a picture Bible was created, which was published by the publishing house “Joseph u. Johann Klauber ”or“ Fratres Klauber Catholici ”was published. It contained 100 copper engravings, presumably based on models by Johann Adam Stockmann. “It is hardly possible to describe the richness of such a sheet. Landscape and architecture, people, animals and plants whirl around each other in a colorful abundance ”,“ but the at first glance overwhelming abundance of detail in the leaves must not hide the fact that routine, but by no means unusually designed, figural scenes in small format and ornamental areas cover a large part of the surface and that the inventions of the Klauber Bible are based primarily on solid craftsmanship and fluent presentation of a vocabulary typical of the time. "

The works of the brothers (and their employees) are often not signed or only signed in the workshop and so far hardly assigned. They placed more emphasis on the pulling power of the “brand” Gebrüder Klauber , often emphasizing their Catholic orientation by adding a “Cath.” To differentiate themselves from their numerous competitors (around 30 art publishers) in Augsburg, which is strong in Protestantism - a label which later occasionally led to the incorrect assumption that there was also a copper engraver Catharina Klauber .

A copperplate engraver Franz Xaver Klauber was named as the son of Joseph Sebastian , * 1741, who studied for a long time in Rome and is said to have engraved "portraits and other sheets" - possibly a mix-up because he is later not mentioned in other literature. However, two sons of Joseph Sebastian who continued the family tradition were significant:

Alexander Sergejewitsch Stroganow , engraved by Ignaz Sebastian Klauber in 1807 after a painting by Johann Baptist von Lampi
Ignaz Schwarz: Institutiones juris universalis , 1743. Title page engraved by “Klauber” after a picture by IW Baumgartner.

Ignaz Sebastian Klauber (born January 2, 1753 in Augsburg, † May 25, 1817 in St. Petersburg) was "the most talented engraver of the family". He received his first lessons from his father, then went to Rome, later to Paris to Johann Georg Will . “He was soon valued alongside this one as one of the highest quality German small masters. His strength lay in the portrait engraving. ”In 1787 he was admitted to the Paris Academy. Awarded the title “Graveur du Roi”, he was forced to return to Augsburg as a result of the French Revolution . There he became the “Royal Danish and Elector Trier court copper engraver” before he was finally called to St. Petersburg in 1796, where he worked as copper engraver for the Tsar and director of the copper engraving academy. "Under his leadership, the copper engraving class reached a previously unknown level."

Joseph Wolfgang Xaver Klauber (* 1740 Augsburg; † 1813) was also the prince-bishop's engraver and 1777 councilor. He continued the publishing company, as did his son Joseph Anton Klauber (* 1779 in Augsburg; † 1837 in Augsburg), who had learned the art of copperplate engraving from his uncle Ignaz Sebastian, but later limited himself to publishing to meet the need for edifying graphics and literature in the southern German Catholic area. It is true that the “Gebrüder Klauber” brand was apparently considered to have a pulling force up until the 19th century. When the publisher published a new edition of the illustrated Bible in 1817, it had long since lost its leading role in the field of Catholic printmaking. In 1840 it was finally extinguished.

However, the illustrated Bible appeared again in a new edition in Leipzig in 1835/36 by Eduard Kummer , surprisingly for a Protestant target group, although the Augsburg Rococo was already rated very negatively at this time, as a remark by Johann Joachim Winckelmann in one Letter of April 26, 1758 makes it clear: “The Königl. Pallast [in Naples] is of a hideous design, and no Augsburg grimacing painter could make a bad design. "

literature

  • Albert Hämmerle : Klauber, family of engravers and publishers from Augsburg . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 20 : Kaufmann – Knilling . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1927, p. 411-414 .
  • Ulrich Kirstein, Gode Krämer: Klauber , in: Stadtlexikon Augsburg (enter “Klauber” in the search function) online
  • Esther Gläsener: The copper engravings of the brothers Klauber for the catechism of Petrus Canisius. unprinted master's thesis University of Munich 1985.
  • Wilhelm Schmidt :  Klauber . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 16, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1882, p. 62 f.
  • Peter Stoll: The picture Bible of the brothers Joseph Sebastian and Johann Baptist Klauber . University Library, Augsburg 2007 ( full text )
  • Peter Stoll: Joseph Sebastian Klauber and the copper engravings of the Coelum Christianum . University Library, Augsburg 2010 ( full text )
  • Peter Stoll: Passio DN Iesu Christi in XLVI. Icones: A series of copper engravings from Göz – Klauber and their texts . University Library, Augsburg 2011 ( full text )
  • Peter Stoll: The Dominican series by the Klauber brothers as a book illustration . University Library, Augsburg 2012 ( full text ; PDF; 600 kB)
  • Peter Stoll: Second Augsburg Rococo: The Lauretanic Litany of the Klauber Brothers and their reception in France . University Library, Augsburg 2013 ( full text )
  • Peter Stoll: The illustrated Bible of the brothers Joseph Sebastian and Johann Baptist Klauber: The Leipzig edition 1835/36 and its 'expedient explanation' . University Library, Augsburg 2014 ( full text )
  • Peter Stoll: Augsburg Rococo, purified: a wood engraving adaptation of the Lauretan litany of the Klauber brothers . University Library, Augsburg 2014 ( full text )

Remarks

  1. ^ German National Library online
  2. ↑ So Britta-R. Schwahn, "Klauber, Joseph Sebastian" in: "Neue Deutsche Biographie" 11 (1977), p. 711 f. online . Likewise according to Stoll, Coelum Christianum : "Deutsche Biographische Enzyklopädie", Vol. 5, Munich 2006, p. 666, but differently Thieme-Becker , Vol. 20, Leipzig 1927, p. 411 ("around 1700"), and Helmut Gier (Ed.), Augsburger Buchdruck und Verlagwesen , Wiesbaden 1997, p. 1272 (“1700”).
  3. ^ "New German Biography" online and "Stadtlexikon Augsburg". Notwithstanding "German Biographical Encyclopedia", Vol 5, Munich 2006, p 666. 21. 12. 1712 instead of 12. 06. 1712 - spelling errors?
  4. ↑ Stoll, "Picture Bible", s. 2.
  5. ^ "New German Biography" online
  6. ↑ "City Lexicon Augsburg"
  7. ↑ Peter Stoll, Coelum Christianum , p. 1.
  8. ↑ Quoted in Stoll, as above.
  9. ↑ Historiae Biblicae Veteris et Novi Testamenti , full German title: Biblical Stories / The Old and New Testaments, To Easier Teaching For The Young, To Retain For The Old, To Recall For The Preachers To Recall, All To The Useful And Sacred Eye-Pleasure, In Hundred fertile leaves Presented by Joseph, and Johanne Klaubern, brothers, Hoch-Fürstl. Bischöffl. Catholische Hof-Kupffer-Stecheren in Augspurg. In the year of Christ 1748
  10. ↑ Stoll, Bilderbibel 1835/36 , p. 1.
  11. ^ Maria Lanckorońska, Richard Oehler: The book illustration of the XVIII. Century in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. First part: The book illustration of the late baroque and rococo; Leipzig 1932; P.23. Quoted from Stoll, Bilderbibel , p. 1.
  12. ^ Stoll, as above, p. 4.
  13. ↑ Stoll, as before.
  14. ^ Wilhelm Schmidt:  Klauber . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 16, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1882, p. 62 f.
  15. ↑ Britta-Roswitha Schwahn: Klauber, Ignaz Sebastian in: Neue Deutsche Biographie 11 (1977), p. 712 f online . From this the following quotations.
  16. ↑ Stadtlexikon Augsburg , other information: 1772, 1788
  17. ↑ Quoted in Stoll, Bilderbibel 1835/36 , p. 3 Note 9.

Web links

Commons : Klauber  - collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Some works by IS Klauber (Regensburg University Library)
  • James Cook's Travels (copies of older etchings by other artists for a Dutch edition of the travelogues: IS Klauber, Amsterdam 1795)
  • Coelestin Leuthner: Coelum Christianum ... Augsburg, 1749 1
  • Historiae Biblicae Veteris et Novi Testamenti (1757) (select "simple search", "Call Number": 1757Klau 1 )
  • Symbolum apostolorum (approx. 1755) 1