Stroganov
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Stroganow ( Russian Стро́ганов ) is the name of a Russian merchant family who got rich from the salt trade in the 16th century and made a significant contribution to Russian expansion into Siberia . The Stroganovs, which fell into several branches of the family at an early stage, were among the main representatives of the Russian economy in the 16th and 17th centuries. The activity of the Stroganov dates back to the 14th century. Four traders are considered to be the progenitors: Spiridon, Kusma, Luka and Fyodor, whose ancestors were farmers from the White Sea region . The family owned millions of hectares of land in Siberia , plus iron and gold mines .
history
The rise of the Stroganov family began in the 15th century. Above all, the profits from trade and salt mining from the Urals made them one of the richest and most influential families in Tsarist Russia . They secured the favor of the Tsar by, for example , providing and equipping troops for the Livonian War . The tsars in turn secured this support through gifts of land to the Stroganov family. Under Tsar Ivan IV , the Stroganovs held important state offices and participated as special officials and plenipotentiaries in the politics and trade of the Russian government. In 1558 they received sole commercial rights in Siberia from the Russian Tsar Ivan IV and were entrusted with its colonial development. The Stroganov maintained their own troops and fortresses in Siberia to protect their lands from incursions by the Tatars. On behalf of the Stroganov family, the Cossack leader Yermak Timofejewitsch undertook to conquer the Siberian Khanate around 1582 .
In 1722 the powerful family of Tsar Peter I was ousted, but this did not prevent him from raising them to the status of Russian barons . Emperor Franz I raised Alexander Sergejewitsch Stroganow (1733-1811) to the rank of count in 1761 .
The stroganovs were important patrons . In the workshops they financed, a miniature, luxurious icon style was cultivated, the "Stroganov School". This art direction is also known as the Stroganow style .
The Stroganovs emigrated to France after the October Revolution .
people
- Alexander Sergejewitsch Stroganow (1733–1811), Russian diplomat at the Viennese court (18th century)
- Grigori Alexandrowitsch Stroganow (1770-1857), Russian diplomat
- Jelisaweta Alexandrowna Stroganowa (also Elisabeth Stroganoff Demidoff ; 1779-1818), Russian aristocrat
- Sergei Grigoryevich Stroganow (1794–1882), Russian officer, civil servant, archaeologist, art collector and patron
See also
literature
- Arthur Kleinschmidt : Russia's History and Politics Depicted in the History of the Russian High Nobility, 2006
