Sergei Grigoryevich Stroganov

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Count Sergei Grigoryevich Stroganow ( KJ Makowski , 1882, Russian Museum )

Count Sergei Grigoryevich Stroganov ( Russian Сергей Григорьевич Строганов ; born November 8 . Jul / 19th November  1794 greg. In St. Petersburg , † March 28 jul. / 9. April  1882 greg. ) Was a Russian officer, civil servant, Archaeologist , art collector and patron .

Life

Stroganow was the eldest son of Baron Grigory Alexandrowitsch Stroganow (1770-1857) and his wife Anna Sergejewna nee Princess Trubezkow (1765-1824). He received an excellent education from private tutors and began studying in 1810 at the recently founded Institute of the Transport Engineers Corps . After graduation, he began his military service. Because of his scientific achievements, he was promoted to Praporschtschik in 1811 and Podporutschik in 1812 . After the beginning of the French attack in 1812 , Stroganov served in the active army, distinguished himself in several battles and received the Order of St. Vladimir IV class with a bow. As a Porutschik he took part in the subsequent Sixth Coalition War and was promoted to captain after the Battle of Leipzig . He distinguished himself at the Battle of Paris and then visited the museums and art collections in Paris (1814-1815).

In 1815, Stroganov was appointed Adjutant to the cavalry general Baron Ferdinand von Wintzingerode as Porutschik of the Russian Guard and settled in Moscow . 1817 in April Stroganov became adjutant of the chief of staff Pyotr Mikhailovich Volkonsky and in December as Rittmeister wing adjutant of Alexander I. In 1818 he married Natalja Pavlovna Stroganowa (1796–1872), daughter of his uncle 3rd degree Pavel Alexandrowitsch Stroganow (1774–1817) in St. Petersburg. whose title he inherited and in whose Stroganov Palace he lived.

Moscow Stroganov Academy of Arts and Industry

Stroganov founded and financed the first drawing school in Russia, a free drawing school of arts and crafts for talented children regardless of class or origin, which opened in Moscow in 1825 and was headed by Stroganov for 12 years (now Moscow Stroganov Academy of Arts and Industry ) . The talents promoted in the Stroganow drawing school included Nikolai Andrejewitsch Andrejew , Ilja Alexandrowitsch Golossow , Natalja Jakowlewna Danko , Olga Vladimirovna Rosanova , Alexander Michailowitsch Rodchenko and Nikolai Michailowitsch Kotschergin , who have become famous as artists . 1826-1835 Stroganov belonged to the Committee for Educational Institutions. In 1827 he became an honorary member of the Russian Academy of Sciences .

During the Russo-Turkish War (1828-1829) he was involved as major general of the cavalry in the fighting near Shumen and Varna . Then he became a wing adjutant Nicholas I. In 1831 he was acting military governor in Riga and 1831-1832 in Minsk . In 1835 he became adjutant general and in 1837 lieutenant general and senator . He took part in the Crimean War and became a member of the State Council in 1856 . In 1859 he was acting governor general of Moscow.

From 1835 to 1847, Stroganov was the curator of the Moscow Educational District. For the University of Moscow he won in particular Timofei Nikolajewitsch Granowski , Sergei Michailowitsch Solowjow and Pjotr ​​Nikolajewitsch Kudrjawzew . In 1835 Stroganov became president of the Moscow Society of Naturalists and in 1836 chairman of the Moscow Society of History and Russian Antiquities . He financed the restoration of the Vladimir Cathedral in St. Petersburg. Every year he equipped an archaeological expedition to southern Russia at his own expense . The Scythian gold excavated in Crimea and the Kerch treasure are in the St. Petersburg Hermitage . In 1847 Stroganov became an honorary member of Moscow University. In 1859 Stroganow initiated the Imperial Archaeological Commission . He asked Ivan Yegorowitsch Sabelin to join the commission and carry out excavations on the burial mounds in southern Russia.

In 1860 Stroganov was called to St. Petersburg to take charge of the education of the heir to the throne Nikolai Alexandrovich (until his death in 1865). He was also the educator of other grand dukes and Alexander III. In 1870 Stroganov became an honorary member of the Imperial Russian Historical Society in St. Petersburg.

Stroganow owned estates with 80,000 serfs and, together with his wife, administered their majority in the Perm governorate with 7 ironworks in the Urals and 46,000 serfs. In 1846 he introduced a detailed set of rules for the behavior of the people in the Perm possessions. However, Stroganov was not very successful with it, especially since some farmers fled to Siberia before being punished . He was an opponent of the reforms of Alexander II. After the assassination of Alexander II, he convinced Alexander III. together with Konstantin Petrovich Pobedonoszew and others, to reject Mikhail Tarielowitsch Loris-Melikov's proposals for a Russian Duma and a constitution.

Stroganov and his wife Natalia Pavlovna had four sons and three daughters. He was buried in St. Petersburg in the Fyodor Church of the Alexander Nevsky Monastery . He bequeathed his precious collection of coins and icons to the state.

In the 1930s, the Stroganov family suffered reprisals, so that the family moved from Stavropol to Grozny . In the early 1990s, Stroganov's descendants fled Grozny in connection with ethnic cleansing .

Stroganow's name is from the genus Stroganowia Kar. Et Kir. of the cruciferous family .

Honors

literature

Web links

Commons : Sergei Grigoryevich Stroganov  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Article Stroganow Sergei Grigoryevich in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian) http: //vorlage_gse.test/1%3D037448~2a%3DStroganow%20Sergei%20Grigorjewitsch~2b%3DStroganow%20Sergei%20Grigorjewitsch.
  2. ↑ a b Рудаков В. Е .: Строгановы или Строгоновы . In: Brockhaus-Efron . XXXIa, 1901, pp. 803-805 ( Wikisource [accessed January 3, 2018]).
  3. ↑ a b c d Летопись Московского университета: Строганов Сергей Григорьевич (accessed January 3, 2018).
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h СТРОГАНОВ Сергей Григорьевич (accessed January 4, 2018).
  5. ↑ a b c Count Sergei Stroganov (accessed January 4, 2018).
  6. ↑ a b Купцов И. В .: Род Строгановых (accessed January 3, 2018).
  7. ↑ Пушков В. П .: Борьбы графа С.Гр. Строганова с « распутством » в Пермском нераздельном имении в середине XIX в. In: Русь, Россия. Средневековье и Новое время . No. 3 , 2013, p. 260-263 .
  8. ^ Pearson, Thomas: Russian Officialdom in Crisis: Autocracy and Local Self-Government, 1861-1900 . Cambridge University Press, 2004, ISBN 0-521-89446-8 , pp. 111-112 .
  9. ↑ Строганов Сергей Григорьевич (accessed January 4, 2018).
personal data
SURNAME Stroganov, Sergei Grigoryevich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Строганов, Сергей Григорьевич (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian officer, civil servant, archaeologist, art collector and patron
DATE OF BIRTH November 19, 1794
PLACE OF BIRTH St. Petersburg
DATE OF DEATH April 9, 1882
Place of death St. Petersburg