Holzheim Monastery

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St. Martinus in Neuss-Holzheim
The Romanesque columns

The Holzheim monastery , also called "Kluse", was a convent of the regulating nuns (the Augustinian nuns ) in Neuss-Holzheim ( Rhein-Kreis Neuss ), which was built on the Frohnhof of the Lords of Helpenstein, next to the church. They accepted the Augustinian rules at an unknown date.

history

The history of the monastery is not documented in the archives until 1432. Since the monastery was built on the Frohnhof of the Helpensteiners, it can be assumed that the monastery was founded between 1367 and 1413, the death of the last Helpensteiner. The reason for the foundation would be the atonement for the killing of his brother Philip in 1367, which was brought about by Friedrich von Helpenstein. A foundation before 1400 can also be assumed due to the history of the founding of the St. Nicolaus monastery at Schloss Dyck. In 1432, Dena Mengwaters from Neuss was the first headmistress, with three sisters and a conversant. A document from Pope Innocent VIII dated April 28, 1487 reports on the monastery buildings and the incorporation of the parish church of St. Martinus into the monastery. This incorporation of the church mentioned there never took place, since the church was in secular hands until 1600 without interruption. The nuns were able to follow the service in St. Martinus through the cloister grid.

A visitation protocol names 26 conventual women for the year 1494. The visitation was carried out by the abbots of Groß St. Martin in Cologne and the Knechtsteden monastery as well as by the prior of the so-called Neusser Oberkloster , who was the spiritual rector of the convent.

During the Thirty Years' War and the extended Hessian War , Holzheim and the monastery were destroyed in 1642 after the battle on the Kempen Heide . The Augustinian nuns left the monastery and later settled in the Marienberg monastery .

At the place of the enclosure a farm yard was built, which remained in the possession of the Marienberg monastery until the secularization. The Romanesque parish church of Holzheim was replaced by a new building in 1841/43 and consecrated to Peter and Paul in 1843. Except for the tower, it was destroyed in 1944. Today it houses the oldest bells in Neuss. They date from 1399 and 1444. Two Romanesque columns from the previous building were set into the three-part window of the tower facade.

literature

  • Karl Emsbach, Max Tauch : Churches, monasteries and chapels in the Neuss district (series of publications by the Neuss district; vol. 13). Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1986, ISBN 3-7927-0921-X ZDB -ID 1357699-9 .
  • Erich Wisplinghoff : History of the City of Neuss, Volume 4: The Church of Neuss until 1814. Parish relationships and religious institutes (series of publications by the Neuss City Archives; Vol. 10.4). City archive, Neuss 1989, ISBN 3-922980-13-9 .
  • Georg Allmang: History of the former regular tertiary monastery St. Nikolaus. From its foundation to the present day, 1400–1911 . Fredebeul & Koenen, Essen-Ruhr 1911.
  • Heinrich Hubert Giersberg: History of the parishes in the deanery Grevenbroich (history of the parishes of the Archdiocese of Cologne; Bd. 22). Bachem publishing house, Cologne 1883.
  • Guenter Aders: Documents and files of the Neuenahrischen lordships and possessions Alpen, Bedburg, Hackenbroich, Helpenstein, Linnep, Wvelinghoven and Wuelfrath as well as the hereditary bailiff of Cologne (inventories of non-governmental archives; Vol. 21). Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1977, ISBN 3-7927-0309-2 .
  • Karl Tücking : History of the church institutions in the city of Neuss . In: Program of the Gymnasium zu Neuss , 1890, pp. 137–210 (here p. 177, note 524).

Coordinates: 51 ° 9 ′ 38.3 "  N , 6 ° 40 ′ 3.1"  E