Upper monastery Neuss

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The upper monastery was a settlement of the regulated Augustinian canons near Neuss . It got its name from the nearby Obertor . It was founded around 1181 and existed with interruptions between 1623 and 1628 until it was repealed in 1802. From 1430 it belonged to the Windesheim congregation .

history

In 1181 the monastery was founded by some members of the Cologne cathedral chapter . The official name was "Monastery of St. Mary Magdalene Outside the Walls". Archbishop Philipp von Heinsberg gave the monastery rich gifts. Among other things, the regular gentlemen had a farm with 70 acres in Selikum , which is still called Nixhof today. The monastery was just before the Obertor on the road to Cologne.

The brothers also took care of pastoral care on the Marienberg , where a convent of the Augustinian women choir had been located since 1439.

Duke Charles the Bold used the monastery as a base during the siege of the city in 1474/75 and pitched his tents in the monastery garden. The Prior had made it because of a warning to evacuate the convent in time and to bring valuable items to safety. The monks were distributed to other monasteries. Only a few brothers remained in the city and in the monastery. One of these brothers described some of the events of the siege in a chronicle , which is broken off in 1474. After the besiegers left, the monastery recovered.

The upper monastery was demolished in 1583 for strategic reasons by the residents of the city of Neuss in order to prevent attackers from using it again as a base. The burial place of the brothers was thus lost, from then on the burial place of the regular lords was in the Marienberg Church. When Count Adolf von Neuenahr stormed the Marienberg monastery in 1585, the treasures of the upper monastery, which had been given into care there, also came into the hands of the looters.

Only a few brothers stayed in the city afterwards, most of them moved to the Herrenleichnam monastery in Cologne and did not return to Neuss until 1587. In 1601 the regular lords acquired a site on Brückstrasse in the city and in 1603 the construction of a new monastery began, which was inaugurated in 1607.

In 1622, however, the convention was renamed by Pope Gregory XV. dissolved and amalgamated with the Kölner Herrenleichnam Convention. The cause were unjustified allegations of poor administration and the monks' loitering. The monks did not obey and holed up in the monastery. They were initially supposed to be made compliant by prohibiting food deliveries, but this did not succeed. A hole was broken in the wall and some of the elderly and sick brothers were carried out. The church and the monastery were given to the Franciscans in 1624 . As a result, the regular gentlemen tried diligently to regain their property and their honor. After several years of investigation, it was proven that the charges were not justified. So the brothers were rehabilitated in 1628 and got the monastery back.

The monastery then existed continuously until secularization in 1802.

literature

Central:

  • Erich Wisplinghoff : History of the city of Neuss. Volume 4: Erich Wisplinghoff: The church Neuss until 1814. Parish relationships and spiritual institutes. Stadt Neuss, Neuss 1989, ISBN 3-922980-13-9 ( series of publications by the Stadtarchiv Neuss 10, 4), pp. 120–153.

Also:

  • Paul Clemen (Hrsg.): The art monuments of the Rhine province. Volume III, 3: Paul Clemen (Ed.): The art monuments of the Neuss district. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1895, pp. 89 f., IA .
  • Wernerus Titianus (Breuer): Annales Novesiensis. In: Edmond Martène , Ursin Durand : Veterum Scriptorum Et Monumentorum Historicorum, Dogmaticorum, Moralium, Amplissima Collectio [...]. Volume 4: Complectens Plures Scriptores Historici De Rebus Praesertim Germanicis. Montalant, Paris 1729, p. 522 ff.
  • Karl Tücking : History of the church institutions in the city of Neuss. Volume 1. L. Schwann, Neuss 1886, pp. 149 ff.
  • H. Forst: About the abolition of the monastery of the regulators to Neuss in the year 1623. In: Düsseldorfer Jahrbuch. 9, 1885, ISSN  0342-0019 , pp. 133-141, ULB Düsseldorf .
  • Sape van der Woude: Acta Capituli Windeshemensis. Acta van de kapittelvergaderingen of the congregatie van Windesheim. Nijhoff, 's-Gravenhage 1953, p. 288 ( Kerkhistorische Studien 6, ZDB -ID 411563-6 ).
  • August Franzen: The visitation logs the first post-Tridentine Visitation in the archbishopric of Cologne under Salentin of Isenburg in 1569. ff Aschendorff, Münster 1960, pp 272 (. Reformation Historical Studies and Texts 85, ISSN  0171-3469 ).
  • Joseph Lange : Neuss, a church local history. J. Wenger, Neuss 1961, p. 107.
  • Wilma Klompen: The secularization in the Arrondissement of Krefeld. 1794-1814. Kreiskulturamt, Kempen 1962, p. 55 ( series of publications by the district of Kempen-Krefeld 13, ZDB -ID 401348-7 ), (also: Bonn, Univ., Diss.).

Web links

Coordinates: 51 ° 11 ′ 36 "  N , 6 ° 41 ′ 58"  E