Palmar Monastery
The monastery Palmar , also Porta Sanctae Mariae or Porta Major called, is a former Premonstratensian - double monastery in East Friesland . It was founded in 1204 and dissolved in 1447 due to the dollar slump . It was 15 km south-southwest of Emden, west of the then border river Tjamme, so that it belonged to the Rheiderland . After sea slumps, the place is now in the middle of the Dollart.
The localization of the monastery can only be conveyed indirectly. Since the monastery site was muddy, it is obvious that it was not far from the later moor island of Munnikeveen . North of this island was the Bolplaat in the 19th century , whose name is related to Palmar. In the 16th century the island belonged to the Cistercian monastery Grijzevrouwen in Midwolda .
history
The Premonstratensians founded Palmar around 1204 as a daughter monastery of Dokkum in Friesland . From then on it belonged to the Frisia circus. The founder was a Dokkum abbot who later headed the Barthe monastery . According to a document, 190 inmates were still living in Palmar after the heavy Lucia flood . A number that is now heavily questioned. The inmates managed the rich possessions of the monastery, such as Vorwerke in the province of Groningen , land in the vicinity and an estate near Groothusen .
Little is known about the history of the monastery. In 1427 the land law of the Rheiderländer and Oldambter was fixed in writing there. The monastery itself was initially spared the dollar slump, but gradually lost its economic base. In 1447 the abbots of the Premonstratensian monasteries of Wittewierum and Dokkum finally met. They divided the goods of the monastery and its occupants among themselves and gave up the Palmar location. In 1454 an emergency dyke was built past the monastery from the solid bank of the Ems across the moorland to the high Geest near Finsterwolde, which was supposed to protect the Oldambt . However, this facility collapsed as early as 1465 because it was built over peatland. Although the area remained habitable, it was not used as a monastery again, but converted into one or more farms, which also had to be abandoned in the early 16th century. After 1509 the last structural remains of the monastery sank into the sea; the area was still accessible until about 1520.
literature
- Josef Dolle: Palmar . In: Josef Dolle with the collaboration of Dennis Kniehauer (Ed.): Lower Saxony Monastery Book. Directory of the monasteries, monasteries, comedians and beguinages in Lower Saxony and Bremen from the beginnings to 1810 . Part 3, Bielefeld 2012, ISBN 3895349593 , p. 1246 f.
- Otto Samuel Knottnerus: 'Reclamations and submerged lands in the Ems River Estuary (900-1500)', In: Erik Thoen et al. (Ed.), Landscapes or seascapes? The history of the coastal environment in the North Sea area was reconsidered . Turnhout 2013, pp. 241-266.
- Werner Löhnertz: Steinfeld Monastery and its East Frisian daughter monasteries. Notes on the beginnings of the Premonstratensians in Friesland . In: Yearbook of the Society for Fine Art and Patriotic Antiquities in Emden 73/74, 1993/94, pp. 5-42
- Hemmo Suur: History of the former monasteries in the province of East Friesland: An attempt . Hahn, Emden 1838. pp. 70 ff. (Reprint of the edition from 1838, Verlag Martin Sendet, Niederwalluf 1971, ISBN 3-500-23690-1 ).
Individual evidence
- ^ Wilhelm Kohl: Germania sacra: Historical-statistical description of the church of the old empire , Edition 1, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3110164701 , p. 499.
- ↑ a b Josef Dolle: Palmar . In: Josef Dolle with the collaboration of Dennis Kniehauer (Ed.): Lower Saxony Monastery Book. Directory of the monasteries, monasteries, comedians and beguinages in Lower Saxony and Bremen from the beginnings to 1810 . Part 3, Bielefeld 2012, ISBN 3895349593 , p. 1246 f.
- ^ Hemmo Suur: History of the former monasteries in the province of East Friesland , p. 71.
Coordinates: 53 ° 15 '14.5 " N , 7 ° 5' 54.5" E