Knaudenheim
Knaudenheim was a village on the Rhine above the cities of Philippsburg and Germersheim . The village was flooded by the Rhine in 1758 after a dam burst and then abandoned. The residents were relocated to the newly founded Neu-Knaudenheim on the high bank , today's Huttenheim .
history
Knaudenheim was first mentioned as Cnutenheim in 1220 , but is probably much older. A place Hiutenheim mentioned in 784 in the Lorsch Codex is possibly identical with Knaudenheim. Other spellings of the place name were Knutenheim (1301, 1323), Knütenheim (1309), Kneutenheim (1341), Knaudenheym (1396), Knudenheym (1431) and Knudenheim (1467). The place name should mean "home of Knudo"; the name Knud in it appears again in the village name Knielingen , which was referred to as Cnutlinga in 786.
In 1316, Knaudenheim and Udenheim Castle (today's Philippsburg) came into the possession of the Speyer Monastery through purchase under Bishop Emich von Leiningen . In 1464 about 170 people lived in Knaudenheim; In 1618 their number had risen to about 700. This made Knaudenheim one of the larger towns in the Rhine lowlands . Compared to the neighboring towns, Knaudenheim had a relatively large area ; the village lived mainly from agriculture. High yields could be achieved in the Rhine lowlands compared to the higher-lying low terrace ; at the same time, the fields and meadows were endangered by floods and shifts in the course of the Rhine. In comparison to agriculture, fishing played a subordinate role; Documented is the so-called ice break for the years 1593 and 1616, in which fish were caught in holes in frozen parts of the Rhine.
Knaudenheim was the destination of the Germersheimer Rhine ferry , which was owned by the Electoral Palatinate . Subordinate to the downstream ferry from Rheinsheim , the location of the ferry had to be relocated several times due to moving gravel banks . So-called sewing was used as the ferry; flat, wide ships with which wagons and cattle could be crossed.
In the 17th century the population of Knaudenheim fell as a result of the Thirty Years' War and the War of the Palatinate Succession . For 1698 125 inhabitants are given; the population losses during the War of Succession were mainly caused by emigration. The fields in Knaudenheim were no longer fully cultivated, so that reeds, bushes and forest spread. In 1756 the number of inhabitants had risen to around 400.
At the end of the 14th century, the course of the river was still more than a kilometer from Knaudenheim. As a result of continued erosion on the bank of the Rhine loop around the Germersheimer Au (today's Elisabethenwörth ), the Rhine approached the village of Knaudenheim in the 18th century. Attempts were made to counter the threat posed by the river by constantly relocating and renewing the dams . In 1740 two residents and around 50 head of cattle drowned in a flood. A report from 1740 suggested bank protection with 13 Kribben ; the implementation of the proposal failed because of the high costs and objections from the Electorate of the Palatinate, as it was feared that the left bank of the Rhine would be endangered. At the beginning of 1750 the Electoral Palatinate removed bank protection near Knaudenheim from the Oberamt Germersheim.
On July 24, 1758, a heavy flood caused a dam burst, as a result of which Knaudenheim was flooded up to 2.5 meters high for weeks. The residents saved themselves on roofs or granaries. A new dam should have been led through the place in such a way that it no longer offered protection to the church and numerous houses. The Speyer bishop Franz Christoph von Hutten agreed to the residents' request for Knaudenheim to be relocated to a flood-proof location. Neu-Knaudenheim was built on the high bank a good three kilometers southeast of the old location; it was renamed Huttenheim in 1760 in honor of the bishop.
Even after the location was relocated, the problems with the course of the Rhine continued: Dams had to be relocated several times. In 1786, Speyer and the Electoral Palatinate agreed to only build defensive fuses on both banks that did not protrude into the river. In 1787 the Electoral Palatinate wanted to remove the newly created island Ceylon , a good kilometer downstream from Knaudenheim, because it endangered the city of Germersheim. This was only partially successful; a bottleneck arose that dammed up high water and ice and led to floods in the districts of Rußheim and Liedolsheim . In addition, the erosion increased on the impact slope near Knaudenheim, so that the former location had been to the left of the Rhine since around 1800. Since the construction of the Germersheimer Durchstichs (1826–1833) as part of the straightening of the Rhine under Johann Gottfried Tulla , the former Knaudenheim has been located to the right of the Rhine again.
present
The name Im alten Dorf still reminds of Alt-Knaudenheim today . The Gaßwiese tubs and In the gardens also indicate the proximity of the old village.
A memorial stone was erected on the Rußheimer Altrhein in 1858. The inscription on it reads:
Here
is the middle of
our old
town
Knaudenheim.
Due to the constant danger of water
,
our generous sovereign
the Cardinal = Prince-Bishop
Fr: Chr: von Hutten,
laid this
stone today a hundred years ago
in
the memory of the noble prince
and their ancestors,
the thankful
Huttenheim community set this stone today on August 17,
1858.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Heinz Musall: The development of the cultural landscape of the Rhine valley between Karlsruhe and Speyer from the late 16th to the late 19th century. (= Heidelberg geographical works , booklet 22) Geographical Institute of the University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 1969, p. 42f.
- ↑ Musall, Development of the Cultural Landscape , p. 46.
- ↑ Musall, Development of the Cultural Landscape , p. 67ff.
- ↑ Musall, Development of the Cultural Landscape , pp. 69, 78.
- ↑ Musall, Development of the Cultural Landscape , pp. 104f.
- ↑ Musall, Development of the Cultural Landscape , p. 112f.
- ↑ Musall, Development of the Cultural Landscape , pp. 67f, 126, 138.
- ↑ Heinz Musall: For historical and geographical development of the Rhine valley in Rußheim. In: State Institute for Environmental Protection Baden-Württemberg , Institute for Ecology and Nature Conservation Karlsruhe (Hrsg.): Der Rußheimer Altrhein. A north Baden meadow landscape. (= The nature and landscape protection areas of Baden-Württemberg , Volume 10) State Institute for Environmental Protection Baden-Württemberg, Karlsruhe 1978, ISBN 3-88251-028-5 , pp. 15–47, here p. 29f.
- ↑ Musall, Development of the Cultural Landscape , pp. 154, 160f.
- ↑ Musall, Development of the Rhine Lowlands, pp. 30, 33, 36.
- ↑ Musall, Development of the Cultural Landscape , p. 154.
Coordinates: 49 ° 12 ′ 29 ″ N , 8 ° 25 ′ 31 ″ E