Collagenases

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As collagenases are enzymes referred to which the peptide bond between proline and other amino acids cleaved. This means that these proteases are able to break down collagen . They occur in higher animals ( Coelomata ), bacteria and some archaea . Five collagenases are known in humans, all of which belong to the matrix metalloproteases ( EC  3.4.24.- ):

protein Gene
(HGNC)
UniProt Length
(AA)
Remarks
Interstitial collagenase MMP1 P03956 170, 200 Cleavage into two enzymes (22 kDa, 27 kDa); splits collagen I, II, III, VII and X, HIV protein Tat
Gelatinase A MMP2 P08253 551 ubiquitous; Torg-Winchester Syndrome ; splits gelatin I, collagen IV, V, VII, X
Neutrophil collagenase MMP8 P22894 367 splits fibrillar collagen I, II, III
Gelatinase B MMP9 P14780 (92, 82, 67 kDa) Susceptibility to herniated disc , anadysplasia of the metaphysis ; smaller enzyme variants; splits gelatin I, V and collagen IV, V
Collagenase 3 MMP13 P45452 368 Dysplasias ; splits collagen I.

With the help of this enzyme, clostridia can spread particularly quickly through the breakdown of collagen in the connective tissue . Conversely, clostridial collagenase is used to support wound healing ( debridement ).

biosynthesis

Vertebrate collagenases arise initially in the form of precursor proteins as procollagenases , which have to be activated post-translationally by enzymatic cleavage before use.

Dupuytren's disease

For the treatment of the fibrotic cords in the palm and fingers of Dupuytren's disease , a microbial collagenase ( trade name Xiapex ; manufacturer Pfizer ) was approved in May 2011 in the European Union , which is made up of the two collagenase enzymes AUX I and AUX II of the bacterium Clostridium histolyticum , which when injected into the nodes can dissolve them.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. UniProt search result
  2. M. Pruteanu, NP Hyland et al. a .: Degradation of the extracellular matrix components by bacterial-derived metalloproteases: implications for inflammatory bowel diseases. In: Inflammatory bowel diseases. Volume 17, Number 5, May 2011, pp. 1189-1200, ISSN  1536-4844 . doi : 10.1002 / ibd.21475 . PMID 20853433 .
  3. J. Ramundo, M. Gray: Collagenase for enzymatic debridement: a systematic review. In: Journal of wound, ostomy, and continence nursing: official publication of The Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society / WOCN. Volume 36, Number 6 Suppl, 2009 Nov-Dec, pp. S4-11, ISSN  1528-3976 . doi : 10.1097 / WON.0b013e3181bfdf83 . PMID 19918148 . (Review).
  4. Collagenase in Dupuytren's contracture: additional benefit not proven , press release of the Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care from January 1, 2012.
  5. Edward J. Campbell, J. Davis Cury, Cathy J. Lazarus, and Howard G. Welgus: Monocyte procollagenase and tissue inhibitor metalloproteinases. Identification, characterization, and regulation . (PDF) In: The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 262, No. 33, November 25, 1987, pp. 15862-15868. Retrieved March 3, 2013.