Komisja Brukowa
The Komisja Brukowa (German: Pavement Commission ) in Warsaw was a royal authority in the 18th century that made a significant contribution to the improvement of the Warsaw road network and thus to urban development. The commission worked mainly from 1740 to 1770.
history
Originally founded in 1685, the paving commission of His Majesty the King and the Republic only began its real work in 1740. In the meantime, the then well-known architect Tylman van Gameren had been commissioned by the commission to build various urban buildings. However, its primary task - the creation of modern roads - was not carried out by the Commission in the first decades of its existence.
Under Franciszek Bieliński
Only in the reign of August III. After the Grand Crown Marshal Franciszek Bieliński had been entrusted with the management of the commission from 1742, the authority was reformed. Under Bieliński's long-standing leadership, the commission developed its impact on urban development.
By the early 1740s, most of Warsaw's streets were unpaved and muddy. The commission should first and foremost ensure paving. For this purpose, she had been given the relevant competencies in all Warsaw administrative units, which were then still separate. This affected the old town of Warsaw as well as the new town , Praga and the independent Jurydyki in the area. The work of the commission on this task was funded by the state treasury as well as from a fee collection from homeowners on the road to be paved (the "paving tax").
Bieliński commissioned Pierre Ricaud de Tirregaille to draw up the first precise city map of Warsaw. In 1762 he submitted such a plan , which was based on measurements for the first time .
Activities of the Commission
In addition to paving existing roads, the commission was also responsible for laying out new roads. A total of 222 streets - mostly in the old and new towns - were paved . It also further developed the urban infrastructure - especially in the areas of lighting, the installation of water pipes and the sewer system. Since the commission for the enforcement of the urban planning also pushed the consolidation of plots, it intervened in the agglomeration process. The commission had wetlands drained (especially in the Powiśle area ), bridges built and road signs put up.
In order to minimize the risk of fire, breweries, pottery and distilleries in densely populated parts of the city were closed. The creation of marketplaces has reduced wild trade on the streets. The Commission also issued regulations, some of which are still in force today. Even back then, it forbade throwing rubbish on the streets. The alignment of Ulica Marszałkowska on behalf of Bieliński in 1757 was particularly important .
Because of the vigorous regulatory actions of the commission, the urban area expanded steadily and according to plan.
insignificance
Bieliński headed the commission until 1766. After his departure, the importance of the institution declined. In 1768, the commission hired the first night watchmen, which later became the Warsaw Fire Brigade (Polish: Warszawska Straż Ogniowa ).
In 1791 the commission was dissolved on the basis of a resolution by parliament . Some of its tasks were taken over by the newly established Police and Order Commission.
References and comments
- ↑ according to Brief information Komisja brukowa in the PWN encyclopedia (in Polish)
- ↑ according to Discover Małgorzata Danecka, Thorsten Hoppe, Warsaw. Tours through the Polish capital, Trescher Verlag, ISBN 978-3-89794-116-8 , Berlin 2008, p. 22 f.
literature
- Julius A. Chroscicki and Andrzej Rottermund, Architectural Atlas of Warsaw , 1st edition, Arkady, Warsaw 1978, p. 26
- Werner Huber, Warsaw - Phoenix from the ashes. An architectural city guide , Verlag Böhlau, ISBN 3-412-14105-4 , Cologne 2005, p. 21