Marywil

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View of the generous ensemble from the north after an engraving by JJ Feyge from 1733
View of Marywil around 1820 based on Fryderyk Dietrich (1779–1847). View of the eastern flank of the complex, on the right is the Jabłonowski Palace , on the left the “House of Columns” ( Dom pod Kolumnami )

The Marywil building complex was a trading center in historic Warsaw . It was one of the largest and most modern European trading centers of the 17th and 18th centuries. Demolished in the 19th century, the Warsaw Theater Square ( Plac Teatralny ) and Teatr Wielki ( inner city district ) are now in its place .

history

The baroque complex was built between 1692 and 1697 according to a design by Tylman van Gameren. The builder was Queen Maria Kazimiera , wife of Johann III. Sobieski , who had a central trading center built here with various affiliated companies. After her (she was French) the complex was initially named “Ville de Marie” (place or city of Marie), which was later Polonized to “Marywil”. She dedicated the facility to the memory of her husband's victory over the Turks in the Battle of Vienna (1683).

The architecture of the pentagonal complex was influenced by the Place des Vosges and Place Dauphine in Paris . In addition to the shops and storage rooms of the merchants, the building complex also contained accommodation and restaurants. Markets were held in the courtyard. At the south end there was a chapel dedicated to the Holy Mother of Victory with an arcade on both sides . The complex also housed the royal family's premises.

In 1738 the Załuski family acquired the complex. Józef Andrzej Załuski set up his Załuski library here - at the beginning . In 1744 Antonina Zamoyska had the complex she had acquired converted into a monastery. In 1807 four buildings were built in the inner courtyard. In 1810 a wing was added on the east side, which was called “Dom pod Kolumnami” or “Dom Jarmarczny” (German: Kirmeshaus). Between 1817 and 1821 Chrystian Piotr Aigner renewed the east flank facing the square and added a seven-storey bell tower with a crowning gloriette and clock. In 1819 the monastery was outsourced; the facility was now used for residential purposes. From 1825 (until 1833) it was demolished to enable the redesign of the square, which until 1840 was called Marywil-Platz ( Plac Marywilski ), and the construction of the Teatr Wielki.

References and comments

  1. ↑ Józefa Antonina Zahorowska († 1747) was the founder of a secular order of canons ( Zakon Kanoniczek Świeckich ) in Warsaw
  2. ↑ This wing later became the left (eastward) wing of the new theater building

literature

  • Julius A. Chroscicki and Andrzej Rottermund: Architectural Atlas of Warsaw , 1st edition, Arkady, Warsaw 1978, p. 213

Coordinates: 52 ° 14 ′ 37.2 ″  N , 21 ° 0 ′ 35.1 ″  E

Web links

Commons : Marywil  - Collection of images, videos and audio files