Compensator (weapon technology)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Springfield-Armory Custom XD-40 V-10 with compensator holes
Attached compensator on a Ruger MK II
High impact when firing a shot
Soviet submachine gun PPSch-41 from World War II, set up for the 7,62 × 25 mm Tokarew M1930 cartridge . The elongated barrel jacket is called a compensator by some sources and a muzzle brake by others. In fact, it has both properties. After the shot, the muzzle gases ricochet off the inclined face and are diverted both upwards and to the sides. The side openings in the barrel jacket serve as a muzzle brake and the opening at the top in front of the grain carrier as a compensator. The compensator opening is slightly larger than the side openings. Since the powder gases deflected upwards press the muzzle of the weapon downwards, the stability of the weapon in continuous fire is increased considerably.

The compensator is a constructive extension for handguns ( short- and long guns ), at the end of the run , to mitigate mounted or integrated manufacturing technology over to the high impact of the weapon. The compensator is designed with holes or slots, depending on the construction. The caliber of the compensator is usually a little larger than the caliber of the weapon .

The compensator of a handgun also does not fulfill the task of a flash hider and is not identical in function and effect to the muzzle brake . However, there are mixed forms, for example some muzzle brakes have additional compensator openings on the top in order to reduce the kickback as well as the kickback.

function

After the projectile has passed the first hole, the hot gases used to accelerate the projectile begin to flow out of the compensator upwards and possibly also slightly to the side. The desired effect is the reduction of the impact that occurs when the shot is fired. If the holes of the compensator are made upwards, the weapon will be pushed downwards when firing. Asymmetrical compensators distribute the gases slightly offset and thus counteract the usual left-wing tearing in right-handed shooters, for example AKM .

The gas eddies that arise at the muzzle without the use of a compensator are also reduced, resulting in a more stable trajectory of the bullet.

Basically there are compensators as a system integrated into the weapon (e.g. compensator holes) and as accessories that can be mounted on the barrel.

use

A compensator should be tailored to the weapon and the ammunition used (bullet weight, muzzle velocity ) so that it works optimally. Compensators with an opening that is too large in relation to the resulting powder gases have the property of pulling the weapon downwards uncomfortably with each shot.

Compensators are not used in covert operations, because they create a widely visible muzzle flash by scattering propellant gases that are still burning and blind the shooter in the dark because parts of the muzzle flash are directed precisely into the line of sight. Compensators with slightly laterally offset openings, which allow the muzzle flash to exit to the right and left of the line of sight, provide a little relief. Nevertheless, a flash hider is used instead during night operations.

Linear Compensator

A relatively new form of the compensator is the "linear compensator". In contrast to the conventional compensator, this does not distribute the muzzle gases upwards, but rather bundles them towards the target. This is done through holes in the compensator body parallel to the barrel. The muzzle bang is derived from the shooter. The kickback is not minimized by a linear compensator.

In addition, there are devices that are similar in form and function to a linear compensator. No uniform designation has yet been established for this group of devices; They are called blast forwarding device , muzzle blast control device , blast mitigation device or blast shield . They are not used on their own, but rather placed over an existing muzzle brake or a compensator. This deflects the muzzle gases emerging from the side or top to the front and negates the negative effects of the original muzzle attachment. Conventional expansion joints can be used at night and muzzle brakes on shooting ranges. The disadvantage of these devices is that the positive kickback and blowback-reducing effects are also eliminated. By diverting the muzzle gases forward, the kickback is also increased. With some of these devices, when combined muzzle brakes with compensator features, only the muzzle brake is deflected and the compensator openings are left free.

Web links

  • “Compensator” entry in the “ISPC Shotgun” manual on page 73, published by the Association of German Sport Shooting (PDF file; 613 kB)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Major General JIH Owen: Warsaw Pact Infantry and its Weapons . Brassey's Publishers ldt., London 1974, ISBN 0-904609-03-0 , pp. 42 (English).
  2. ↑ Vladimir Dolinek, Vladimir Francev and Jan Sach: Illustrated lexicon of weapons in the 1st and 2nd World War . Dörfler im Nebel Verlag, Eggolsheim 2007, ISBN 978-3-89555-223-6 , p. 101 .
  3. ^ Ian V. Hogg : Milestones in the history of weapons . 1st edition. Motorbuch, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-613-01325-8 , p. 242 .
  4. ^ Edward Clinton Ezell: The AK47 Story, Evolution of the Kalashnikov Weapons . Stackpole Books, Harrisburg, PA 1986, ISBN 978-0-8117-0916-3 , pp. 129 (English).
  5. ^ Ian V. Hogg and John Weeks: Military Small Arms of the 20th century . 5th edition. Arms & Armor Predd, London 1985, ISBN 0-85368-708-0 , pp. 119 (English).
  6. ^ WHB Smith: Small Arms of the World The Basic Manual of Military Small Arms . 6th edition. The Stackpole Company, Harrisburg, PN, S. 587 (English).
  7. ↑ Edward Clinton Ezell: Kalaschnikow, The Genius and His Life's Work . 1st edition. dwj, Blaufelden 2011, ISBN 978-3-936632-70-5 , p. 111 .
  8. ↑ Julian S. Hatcher: Hatcher's Notebook, A Standard Reference Book for, Shooters, Gunsmiths, Ballistics, Historians, Hunter and Collectors . 1st edition. Military Service Publishing Company, Harrisburg, PN 1948, ISBN 978-1-61427-283-0 , pp. 263 (English).
  9. ^ AJ Barker, John Walter: The Russian Infantry Weapons of the Second World War . 1st edition. Motorbuch, 1972, ISBN 3-87943-256-2 .
  10. ^ David Miller: The Illustrated Books of Guns . Salamanda Books Limited, London 2002, ISBN 1-84065-172-5 , pp. 248 (English).
  11. ^ Karl R. Pawlas: Waffen Revue No. 56 1st quarter 1985 . Journal, Schwäbisch Hall 1981, p. 8911 .
  12. ↑ Günter Wollert, Reiner Lidschun, Wilfried Copenhagen : small arms Today (1945 to 1985) . 5th edition. tape 1 . Brandenburgisches Verlagshaus, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-89488-057-0 , p. 169 .
  13. ↑ FWA Hobart: The Submachine Gun: The Story of a Fully Automatic Gun . 1st edition. Motorbuch, Stuttgart 1974, ISBN 3-87943-324-0 , p. 174 .
  14. ↑ Ian Hogg, Rob Adam: Jane's Gun Recognition Guide . HarperCollins Publishers, Glasgow 1996, ISBN 0-00-470979-9 , pp. 264 (English).
  15. ↑ Reiner Lidschun, Günter Wollert: Infantry weapons Illustrated encyclopedia of infantry weapons from around the world until 1945 . Parragon Books, Königswinter, ISBN 978-1-4454-3816-0 , pp. 424 .
  16. ↑ Reiner Lidschun, Günter Wollert: Infantry weapons. Illustrated encyclopedia of infantry weapons from around the world until 1945 . Parragon Books, Königswinter, ISBN 978-1-4454-3816-0 , pp. 424 .
  17. ↑ FWA Hobart: The Submachine Gun: The Story of a Fully Automatic Gun . 1st edition. Motorbuch, Stuttgart 1974, ISBN 3-87943-324-0 , p. 174 .
  18. ↑ Vincent JM DiMaio: Title Gunshot Wounds: Practical Aspects of Firearms, Ballistics, and Forensic Techniques, SECOND EDITION , Verlag CRC Press, 1998, ISBN 9781420048377 pp. 79-80 [1]
  19. ^ Bryan: Muzzle Devices 101. In: sportsmansguide.come. October 31, 2018, accessed January 27, 2020 .
  20. ↑ Julian S. Hatcher: Hatcher's Notebook, A Standard Reference Book for, Shooters, Gunsmiths, Ballistics, Historians, Hunter and Collectors . 1st edition. Military Service Publishing Company, Harrisburg, PN 1948, ISBN 978-1-61427-283-0 , pp. 263 (English).
  21. ↑ Edward Clinton Ezell: Kalaschnikow, The Genius and His Life's Work . 1st edition. dwj Verlags GmbH, Blaufelden 2011, ISBN 978-3-936632-70-5 , p. 162 .
  22. ↑ Brad Miller: Pistol Recoil Reduction: Ports vs. Compensator , in: "Shooting Times", May 26, 2015
  23. ^ Bryan: Muzzle Devices 101. In: sportsmansguide.come. October 31, 2018, accessed January 27, 2020 .
  24. ↑ Jeremy S .: Gear Review: 5.56 Muzzle Device Shootout in: thetruthaboutguns.com, November 24th, 2014
  25. ↑ JEREMY S .: Gear Review: Blast Forwarding Device (BFD) From Indian Creek Design. In: thetruthaboutguns.com. November 4, 2016, accessed January 27, 2020 .
  26. ^ JOHN SCOTT: 6 of the Best Muzzle Blast Control Devices Available. In: ballisticmag.com. July 20, 2016, accessed January 27, 2020 .
  27. ↑ Ray I .: LANTAC BMD Blast Mitigation Device. In: thefirearmblog.com. March 2, 2015, accessed January 27, 2020 .