Kustanai (horse)
| Kustanai | |
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| Important data | |
| Origin: | Kazakhstan |
| Main breeding area: | Kustanai, Chelyabinsk, southern Kazakhstan |
| Distribution: | Kustanai, Chelyabinsk, southern Kazakhstan |
| Stick measure : | 152-163 cm |
| Colors : | Browns, dark browns, foxes, duns |
| Main application area: | Racing, horse riding |
The modern Kustanai is a massive horse from western Kazakhstan that combines the advantages of a riding horse with the robustness of a steppe horse. It is named after the Kustanai stud, which in turn is named after the city of Kustanai .
Background information on horse evaluation and breeding can be found under: Exterior , interior and horse breeding .
Exterior
The Kustanai has a straight, average-sized head with wide gaiters and a medium to short parting. He has a medium-long, straight and low neck and a broad, well-muscled, normal high withers. The back is straight, short and strong. The loins are flat and well muscled. The croup is of medium length and well rounded, the shoulders long and high. The chest is wide and deep. The Kustanai has correct legs with well developed joints, hard hooves, and strong tendons and ligaments. There are brown, dark brown, foxes and duns.
In 1980, stallions were 163 cm tall, mares 160 cm. Stallions had a chest circumference of 188 cm, mares 189 cm, cannon bones 20.3 cm for stallions and 19.9 cm for mares. The largest animals lived in the Kustanai stud. The herd-kept horses were much smaller, so the mares at the Saryturgai stud had a stick measure of 152 cm, a chest circumference of 185 cm and a cannon bone circumference of 19.2 cm.
interior
The Kustanai is remarkably productive under continental conditions, but needs regular additional feeding under these conditions.
Breeding history
The Kustanai was developed in the steppes of western Kazakhstan in collective farms and sovkhozes . The core of the breed is on the Kustanai and Maikulski studs. In 1887 the development of the breed started at the State Stud Turgai, in 1888 at Kustanai and in 1890 at Orenburg breeding was also started. In 1890 the breed was officially recognized. The breed was developed by crossing horses of the Kazakh breed with the Don horse , Strelets, the Astrakhan (improved Kalmyk) and half-blooded English thoroughbred stallions. However, the attempts at crossing were initially unsuccessful.
It was only when the selected broodmares and foals were regularly fed high-quality feed (through creep-feeding) on Kustanai in the 1920s that the breeding crosses with English thoroughbreds were successful. In the Kustanai and Troitski studs, the horses were kept in stables and on pastures and were only allowed to graze outdoors in good weather in winter. They were given plenty of hay and fodder concentrates and the mares were fed to the stallions by hand. The foals were weaned at 6 to 8 months of age.
In the thirties, a second breeding system was added to the Maikulski and other studs, in which the mares and stallions were kept together in large herds, allowed to graze all year round and sheltered in sheds in bad weather. Here, too, hay and concentrate were fed.
Breeding was aimed at developing two types of the breed at the same time. The riding horse type comprised horses with a high percentage of whole blood, while the steppe type contained a higher percentage of blood from the other original breeds. Horses of the riding horse type were tested on the racetrack.
The Kustanai can be found in the Kustanai region in the south of Chelyabinsk and in southern Kazakhstan. In 1930 the breeding herd at the Kustanai Stud numbered 1000 mares. In 1981 there were 726 pure-bred broodmares in Kustanai and Krasnodon. 746 stallions have been used in breeding so far. In 1980 there were a total of 40,200 horses on Kustanai.
The breed consists of three variants, five stallion lines and six mare families. The most important studs are the two Kustanai regional experiment stations , which used to be a stud, in Krasnodon and Saryturgai.
literature
- NG Dmitriev, LK Ernst: Animal genetic resources of the USSR. FAO ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND HEALTH PAPER 65 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS. Rome 1989, ISBN 92-5-102582-7 .
