Qostanai

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Qostanai
Қостанай ( kas. ) | Костанай ( Russian )
coat of arms
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Basic data
State : KazakhstanKazakhstan Kazakhstan
Territory : Qostanai
Founded : 1879
 
Coordinates : 53 ° 12 '  N , 63 ° 38'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 12 '0 "  N , 63 ° 38' 0"  E
Height : 155  m
 
Area : 240  km²
Residents : 248,267 (Jan. 1, 2020)
Population density : 1,034 inhabitants per km²
 
Time zone : EKST ( UTC + 6 )
Telephone code : (+7) 7142
Postal code : 110000
License plate : 10 (old: P, W)
 
Äkim ( Mayor ) : Qairat Akhmetov
Website :
Location in Kazakhstan
Qostanai (Kazakhstan)
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Qostanai ( Kazakh Қостанай , Russian Костанай / Kostanai , until 1895 Николаевск / Nikolajevsk , until June 17, 1997 Кустанай / Kustanai ) is a city in Kazakhstan . It is located in the north of the country on the Tobol River not far from the border with Russia , around 300 kilometers south of Chelyabinsk . With 248,267 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2020) it is the administrative center and largest city in the Qostanai region .

Qostanai was founded in 1879 on the orders of the Governor General of Orenburg . Initially, mostly farmers from inner Russia settled in the city, which started the agricultural development of the surrounding area. In 1893 the town was granted town charter. Especially in the 1950s, in connection with the Soviet campaign to create new acreage for crops, the city began to develop. The majority of the population of Qostanai is still of Russian descent .

geography

Geographical location

The city is located in northern Kazakhstan on the Tobol River , not far from the border with Russia . Qostanai is also the administrative seat of the area of the same name .

climate

Qostanai has a humid continental climate , which corresponds to the effective climate classification Dfb . Summers are warm and humid, with average temperatures not exceeding 22 ° C. The winters in Qostanai are cold, snowy and characterized by temperatures below −10 degrees Celsius. The average temperature from December to February is below this mark. The annual rainfall is around 336 mm. In the months of November to April, an average of 91 cm of snow falls , with the snow cover being more than 20 cm thick from January to March. The lowest temperature ever recorded in Qostanai was measured on February 17, 1951 and was −47.8 ° C. The highest measured temperature was 41 ° C on June 16, 1988.

Qostanai
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
19th
 
-10
-19
 
 
15th
 
-9
-19
 
 
15th
 
-2
-12
 
 
25th
 
11
0
 
 
35
 
21st
8th
 
 
35
 
27
14th
 
 
54
 
27
15th
 
 
35
 
25th
13
 
 
25th
 
19th
7th
 
 
29
 
10
1
 
 
25th
 
-2
-9
 
 
24
 
-8th
-17
Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm
Source: pogodaiklimat.ru , www.weather-atlas.com
Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Qostanai
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) −10.1 −9.1 −2.0 11.3 20.6 26.7 27.1 25.4 19.0 10.2 −1.5 −8.1 O 9.2
Min. Temperature (° C) −18.9 −18.6 −12.0 0.2 7.5 13.5 15.2 13.1 7.1 0.5 −9.1 −16.5 O −1.4
Temperature (° C) −14.5 −14.0 −7.3 5.4 13.8 19.9 20.9 18.8 12.5 4.8 −5.5 −12.3 O 3.6
Precipitation ( mm ) 19th 15th 15th 25th 35 35 54 35 25th 29 25th 24 Σ 336
Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 3 5 6th 8th 10 11 10 9 7th 4th 3 3 O 6.6
Rainy days ( d ) 0 0 3 7th 13 11 12 12 11 9 4th 1 Σ 83
Humidity ( % ) 82 81 81 68 58 57 64 64 64 73 82 82 O 71.3
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
−10.1
−18.9
−9.1
−18.6
−2.0
−12.0
11.3
0.2
20.6
7.5
26.7
13.5
27.1
15.2
25.4
13.1
19.0
7.1
10.2
0.5
−1.5
−9.1
−8.1
−16.5
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		19th
15th
15th
25th
35
35
54
35
25th
29
25th
24
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

history

Qostanai was founded in 1879.

politics

mayor

The Mayors (Äkim) of Qostanai:

population

With 221,970 (2014) inhabitants, Qostanai is the largest city in the area and the eleventh largest in Kazakhstan. In addition to the population of Kazakh origin, there are also Russian and German population groups in the city and the surrounding area . In the city of Qostanai, the Russians make up the majority of the population.

Ethnic composition

Ethnic groups in Qostanai 2018
Ethnic group percent
Russians
  
 43.5%
Kazakhs
  
 39.3%
Ukrainians
  
 7.1%
German
  
 2.3%
Tatars
  
 1.9%

In the 1939 Soviet census, the Russian population was by far the largest population group. Of the approximately 34,000 inhabitants of the city, around two thirds of the population were Russians. The second largest group was made up of Ukrainians with a share of 15 percent. In third place came Kazakhs, who made up a good eight percent of the city's population. Other notable groups were Tatars (1717), Koreans (762) and Germans (275).

The last Kazakh census in 2009 revealed the following ethnic composition of the city: Russians still make up the majority of the population in the city, their share was 48.3 percent. In second place were Kazakhs, who made up 33.6 percent of the population. The proportion of Ukrainians in the total population was around eight percent.

Religions

Religions in Qostanai 2009
religion percent
Muslims
  
 35.7%
Christians
  
 58.6%
Other
  
 5.7%

Dominant religions in Qostanai are Russian Orthodox Christianity and Sunni Islam . The majority of the Russian population is Christian and the majority of the Kazakh population is Muslim. The proportion of Christians is 58.6%, which is higher than in the other provinces of Kazakhstan. Since 2010, Qostanai has been the seat of the Qostanai and Rudny Eparchy . Since 2009 there is also a synagogue in Qostanai .

Culture and sights

Pushkin Monument in Qostanai

Buildings

  • House of the merchant Lorez
  • French cultural center
  • Russian Orthodox Church from 1893
  • Altynsarin Museum

Monuments

Memorials

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

There are regular flight connections to Germany from Qostanai . There are several flights a week to Düsseldorf , Hanover and Munich in particular , formerly through Hamburg International , now through Air Astana .

In domestic air traffic there are connections to Almaty , Nur-Sultan (until 2019 Astana) , Aqtau and Schymkent .

There are other international connections to Moscow , Yekaterinburg , Minsk and Kiev , among others . There are regular flights to Antalya during the summer season .

Qostanai has a train station from which trains run to several Kazakh and Russian cities.

Until 2005, Qostanai had its own trolleybus system .

Sports

The football club Tobol Qostanai plays in the highest Kazakh football league . The club plays its home games in the central stadium in Qostanai.

The basketball club BK Tobol Qostanai plays in the Kazakh National League. The venue is the Qostanai Sports Palace.

sons and daughters of the town

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Численность населения Республики Казахстан по полу в разрезе областей и столицы, столицы, столицы, анколицы, столицы, городоав, областей и столицы, анкония, горойцы, коники, городоав,. ( Excel ; 96 KB) stat.gov.kz, accessed on July 19, 2020 (Russian).
  2. ↑ pogodaiklimat.ru: Климат Шымкента , accessed on August 16, 2018 (Russian).
  3. ↑ Ethnic composition: 2018 estimation , accessed on August 13, 2018 (English).
  4. ↑ demoscope.ru: Всесоюзная перепись населения 1939 года. Национальный состав населения районов, городов и крупных сел союзных республик СССР. , accessed September 6, 2018 (Russian).
  5. ↑ pop-stat.mashke.org: Ethnic composition: 2009 census , accessed August 12, 2018 (Russian).
  6. ↑ Religious composition: 2009 census (in Russian) , accessed September 5, 2018 (Russian).