Kylchap
A Kylchap -Saugzuganlage is an evolution of the simple blow pipe , a steam jet blower as suction of steam locomotives . The name is a combination of the names of the two developers, the Finnish engineer Kyösti Kyl älä and the French André Chap elon .
This is a combined parallel and series connection of the jet fan stages, which significantly improved the performance of the induced draft and at the same time enabled a lower back pressure for the cylinder exhaust: The motive steam from the steam nozzles of the first stage hits the catch nozzle developed by Kylälä (yellow in the picture ), which consisted of four triangular nozzles connected in parallel. From here, the steam / exhaust gas mixture reached a second collecting nozzle, which sucked in further exhaust gas and ultimately blows it into the chimney.
Kyläläs nozzle was originally only intended to reduce flying sparks and achieve a more even suction. It was Chapelon who realized that the nozzle in the multi-stage arrangement would make the induced draft more effective.
Correctly designed in terms of fluid mechanics and dimensions, a double Kylchap induced draft system was able to bring about a significant increase in boiler output with considerable savings in water and coal. Small pressure fluctuations and a steady induced draft ensured a continuous combustion process. The greater relaxation in the steam cylinder due to the lower counter pressure of the induced draft system led to an increase in cylinder output of up to 150 hp per cylinder. In conjunction with a stoker and a Hulson shaking grate, Chapelon was able to further optimize locomotives.
From 1925, Chapelon worked in the research and development department of the French railway company Compagnie du chemin de fer de Paris à Orléans (PO). There he succeeded in significantly increasing the performance of steam locomotives through modifications. He achieved this first in 1929 with the 3566 locomotive of the "Pacific" series 3500; The outstanding performance of this prototype prompted the Compagnie des chemins de fer du Nord (NORD) to acquire 22 Pacifics converted in this way and to have another 25 locomotives of the same type built. The NORD 3.1174 set the speed record for all French steam locomotives in 1935. The most powerful steam locomotive ever built in Europe is the 242 A 1 of the SNCF , created by Chapelon between 1943 and 1946 through conversion from ETAT 241-101 - when it was delivered, it had more than 4,000 hp towing hook power . Not least because of the fact that the SNCF 623 locomotives of the 141 R series with Kylchap induced draft systems, Chapelon's invention was widespread in France.
The Kylchap was used on many British locomotives, including famous ones such as the LNER “ Peppercorn ”, “ Flying Scotsman ” and the world record locomotive “ Mallard ”. The Czechoslovakian ČSD also used the Kylchap in many of their series: u. a. 387.0 , 475.1 , 477.0 , 486.0 , 498.0 , 498.1 and 556.0 .
At the Deutsche Bundesbahn (DB), Kylchap induced draft systems were tested on the new locomotives 23 024 and 025. The two machines of the DB series 10 , created in 1957, were not equipped with it.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b J. Michael Mehltretter: Full steam ahead. Power and technology of steam locomotives . 1st edition. Transpress, Stuttgart 2013, ISBN 978-3-613-71469-4 , p. 72 f .
- ↑ Thomas Estler: Locomotives of the French state railway SNCF . 1st edition. Transpress, Stuttgart 2014, ISBN 978-3-613-71480-9 , pp. 21 .
- ↑ J. Michael Mehltretter; Full steam ahead. Performance and technology of steam locomotives , p. 67 f.
- ↑ BR 23 at dampflokomotivarchiv.de, accessed on April 9, 2020