LNER class A1 Peppercorn
| LNER class A1 Peppercorn | ||
|---|---|---|
 60163 Tornado in August 2008 in front of the Hopetown Carriage Works |
||
| Company numbers | 60114-60162 | 60163 |
| Years of construction | 1948 - 1949 | 1994 - 2008 |
| Number of items built | 49 | 1 |
| constructor | Arthur Peppercorn | Locomotive Construction Co Ltd ( A1 Steam Locomotive Trust ) |
| builder | LNER | Locomotive Construction Co Ltd ( A1 Steam Locomotive Trust ) |
| design type | 2'C1 ' h3 (2-3-1) | |
| Performance (indexed) | 2700 PSi | |
| Length over buffers | 22.22 m | 22.24 m |
| Max height | 3.99 m | 3.96 m |
| Max. Width | 2.82 m | 2.82 m |
| Ø driving wheel | 2,032 mm | |
| Ø front wheels | 965 mm | |
| Ø rear wheels | 1,118 mm | |
| Top speed | 160 km / h | |
| Boiler type | Diagram 118 | |
| boiler | 1.96 m | 2.00 m |
| Boiler length overall | 8.89 m | 8.89 m |
| Boiler pressure | 17.25 bar | 17.25 bar |
| Cylinder diameter | 483 mm | 480 mm |
| Piston valve diameter | 250 mm | |
| Piston stroke | 660 mm | |
| Grate surface | 4.65 m² | |
| Evaporation heating surface firebox | 22.79 m² | |
| Evaporation heating surface heating tubes | 112.56 m² | |
| Evaporation heating surface smoke tubes | 93.32 m² | |
| Total evaporation heating surface | 228.67 m² | |
| Ø small smoke tubes | 57.2 mm | |
| Ø large smoke tubes | 133.4 mm | |
| Superheater surface | 64.14 m² | |
| Axle load | 22.5 t | |
| Locomotive friction load | 67.6 t | |
| Locomotive service load | 106.9 t | |
| Total weight ( locomotive and tender ) | 168.8 t | |
| Tender coal capacity | 9.14 t | 7.6 t |
| Tender water capacity | 22,700 l | 27,240 l |
| Tender total weight | 61.87 t | |
| Tender wheelsets | 4 axles in a rigid frame | |
| Tender Ø wheels | 1,270 mm | |
The LNER Class A1 Peppercorn is a British steam locomotive - series from the period after the Second World War . It was built to the design of the last chief designer of the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) Arthur Henry Peppercorn .
history
It is a further development of the LNER class A1 of its predecessor Edward Thompson . The series had the wheel arrangement 2'C1 'h3 (German) / 4-6-2 (English) and was powered by three cylinders . For the chimney , the decision was made to use the double Kylchap design . The new series was ordered by LNER and built for British Railways (BR) from 1948 to 1949 after the nationalization of the private railway companies in the LNER plants in Doncaster and Darlington .
Originally as LNER Class A1 designated locomotives of Sir Nigel Gresley had to be renamed at this time already in class A10. The locomotives were designed to cope with the heaviest passenger trains of the post-war period on the London - York - Newcastle - Edinburgh - Aberdeen route on the British East Coast (East Coast Mainline). These usually consisted of trains with up to 15 cars and up to 550 tons in weight. The locomotives of this class were able to drive a speed of 95-110 km / h (60-70 mph) on a flat track.
Other famous steam locomotives that ran on the main lines of the British east coast have been preserved. These include some locomotives designed by Sir Nigel Gresley, such as six of the LNER's A4 class (including the record-breaking Mallard locomotive ) and the LNER A3 “Flying Scotsman” . In contrast, the 49 Peppercorn class A1 locomotives built were scrapped in the 1960s after only 14 years as a result of the modernization and dieselization plans of the 1950s. This finally happened in 1966 with the no. 60145 St. Mungo as the last locomotive in its class.
Locomotive 60 163 Tornado
The complete scrapping of all copies led to the establishment of the A1 Steam Locomotive Trust by British railway fans in 1990 with the aim of building the 60163 Tornado from scratch as the 50th locomotive in its class. The 60163 Tornado , completed in 2008, is the first standard-gauge steam locomotive to have been built in Great Britain since 1960. In contrast to the original series, the 60163 Tornado is capable of moving lighter trains with ten to eleven passenger coaches at higher speeds. This enables the locomotive to blend in better with modern traffic. The locomotive can be used on Network Rail's main lines and on museum railways . It has many differences to the original locomotives. The reasons are the changed production processes and the consideration of improvements that would probably have been made to the relatively new series. 60163 Tornado was made by Locomotive Construction Co Ltd. , a subsidiary of the A1 Steam Locomotive Trust. The locomotive was christened by Prince Charles and his wife Camilla .
With a train consisting of eleven wagons - comparable to the range of uses of the historic A1 - the Tornado temporarily reached the necessary speed for main routes during approval runs. The theoretical maximum speed of the Tornado is 100 mph (= 161 km / h ), but the maximum speed is limited to 90 mph (= 144.8 km / h) during normal operation.
Since the approval for main lines in 2009, the vehicle has been used in front of special trains on main lines. There she should recover the remaining liabilities of the project. In total, the project cost £ 3,000,000. Tornado was supposed to be in continuous operation on main lines after ten years of use until the boiler was re-approved . In the meantime, however, major repairs to the locomotive's fire box were necessary. During the work, several hundred studs had to be replaced and several cracks repaired in the Meiningen steam locomotive works of Deutsche Bahn AG (DB). The chairman of the trust intended to get the locomotive operational again for mainline operations by the end of April 2011. In May 2011 the locomotive was actually tested and in June 2011 it was approved for operation on main lines again.
Names and operating periods of all locomotives
| number | Surname | In service | Off-duty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60114 | WP Allen | August 1948 | December 1964 |
| 60115 | Meg Merrilies | September 1948 | November 1962 |
| 60116 | Hal o 'the Wynd | October 1948 | June 1965 |
| 60117 | Bois Roussel | October 1948 | June 1965 |
| 60118 | Archibald Sturrock | November 1948 | October 1965 |
| 60119 | Patrick Stirling | November 1948 | May 1964 |
| 60120 | Kittiwake | December 1948 | January 1964 |
| 60121 | Silurian | December 1948 | October 1965 |
| 60122 | Curlew | December 1948 | December 1962 |
| 60123 | HA Ivatt | February 1949 | October 1962 |
| 60124 | Kenilworth | March 1949 | March 1966 |
| 60125 | Scottish Union | April 1949 | July 1964 |
| 60126 | Sir Vincent Raven | April 1949 | January 1965 |
| 60127 | Wilson Worsdell | May 1949 | June 1965 |
| 60128 | Bongrace | May 1949 | January 1965 |
| 60129 | Guy Mannering | June 1949 | October 1965 |
| 60130 | Kestrel | September 1948 | October 1965 |
| 60131 | Osprey | October 1948 | October 1965 |
| 60132 | Marmion | October 1948 | June 1965 |
| 60133 | Pomerania | October 1948 | June 1965 |
| 60134 | Foxhunter | November 1948 | October 1965 |
| 60135 | Madge Wildfire | November 1948 | November 1962 |
| 60136 | Alcazar | November 1948 | May 1963 |
| 60137 | Redgauntlet | December 1948 | October 1962 |
| 60138 | Boswell | December 1948 | October 1965 |
| 60139 | Sea Eagle | December 1948 | June 1964 |
| 60140 | Balmoral | December 1948 | January 1965 |
| 60141 | Abbotsford | December 1948 | October 1964 |
| 60142 | Edward Fletcher | February 1949 | June 1965 |
| 60143 | Sir Walter Scott | February 1949 | May 1964 |
| 60144 | King's Courier | March 1949 | April 1963 |
| 60145 | Saint Mungo | March 1949 | June 1966 |
| 60146 | Peregrine | April 1949 | October 1965 |
| 60147 | North Eastern | April 1949 | August 1964 |
| 60148 | Aboyeur | May 1949 | June 1965 |
| 60149 | Amadis | May 1949 | June 1964 |
| 60150 | Willbrook | June 1949 | October 1964 |
| 60151 | Midlothian | June 1949 | November 1965 |
| 60152 | Holyrood | July 1949 | June 1965 |
| 60153 | Flamboyant | August 1949 | November 1962 |
| 60154 | Bon Accord | September 1949 | October 1965 |
| 60155 | Borderer | September 1949 | October 1965 |
| 60156 | Great Central | October 1949 | May 1965 |
| 60157 | Great Eastern | November 1949 | January 1965 |
| 60158 | Aberdonian | November 1949 | December 1964 |
| 60159 | Bonnie Dundee | November 1949 | October 1963 |
| 60160 | Auld Reekie | December 1949 | December 1963 |
| 60161 | North British | December 1949 | October 1963 |
| 60162 | Saint Johnstoun | December 1949 | October 1963 |
| 60163 | tornado | August 2008 | - |
See also
literature
- Allatt, Mark: Tornado: countdown to steaming! . In: Heritage Railway . 107, 2008 Jan 18-14 Feb, pp 24-31.
- Ingall, Tom: Tornado - Extraordinary Dreams . Ian Allan Publishing, 2010, ISBN 978-0-7110-3543-0 .
- Nock, OS: British Locomotives of the 20th Century, Volume 2: 1930-1960 . Patrick Stephens, 1984.
- Nolan, Debbie + Streeter, Tony: The Tornado story . The A1 Steam Locomotive Trust, 2009.
- Smith, Geoff: The A1 Steam Locomotive Trust - Tornado - New Peppercorn Class A1, 2008 onwards - Owners' Workshop Manual . Haynes Publishing, 2011, ISBN 978-1-84425-989-2 .
- Townend, Peter: East Coast Pacifics at Work . Ian Allan Publishing, 1982, ISBN 0-7110-1170-2 .
Web links
- LNER encyclopedia: The Peppercorn A1 Pacifics
- A1 Steam Locomotive Trust
- Information on train journeys with 60163 Tornado
- Dates of train journeys with 60163 tornado
- Picture gallery with historical photos of LNER class A1 Peppercorn locomotives ( Memento from May 16, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
Individual evidence
- ^ The Railway Magazine, The Tornado Story Part 1, April 2008, page 17
- ^ TRH The Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall name Tornado
- ^ Travel with Tornado
- ↑ Tornado hauls the Cathedrals Express at speed near Offord during the Top Gear race to Edinburgh
- ^ News from the A1 Steam Locomotive Trust from May 17, 2011 and June 9, 2011