Cyrus I.

Cyrus I ( Persian کوروش, Old Persian Kūruš , Babylonian Kuraš , Elamite Kuraš ; * before 657 BC Chr .; † around 600 BC BC), son of King Teispes , was the fourth king of the ancient Persian Achaemenid Empire . His reign is traditionally about 640 - about 600 BC. Dated BC, but a later date (approx. 610-585) is being considered.

Life

In the inscription on the Cyrus cylinder , Cyrus I is named as the great king of Anjan and a descendant of Teispes . This information is both Herodotus and the Behistun inscription of Darius I confirmed. Cyrus is also attested by tablets from the Persepolis Fortifications Tablets (PFT) and a seal with the Elamite inscription Cyrus of Anschan, son of Teispes . Herodotus also reports Cyrus, king of Anshan, have a new coalition of his own Persian tribe, the Pasargadae, the Persian tribes of the Maraphii and Maspii, the powerful tribes (of unknown origin) the Panthialaei, Derusiaei and Germanii as well as the nomadic tribes of the Dahae (also called Dai), Mardi (Medes) , Dropici and Sagarti (Asagarti). As the year of the revolt against Ariaramna I, he names the year 550 BC. Chr.

However, Herodotus' statements are not entirely correct. In fact, the uprising is Cyrus II , who died in 550 BC. Ch. Drangiana subjugated.

In a tribute list of the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal a Kuraš, king of Parsumaš is mentioned, who killed his son Arukku around 646 or 639 BC. With a tribute to Nineveh to pay homage. This Kuraš has traditionally been identified with Cyrus I, but there have recently been doubts about this assumption.

The Promedic course of Cyrus I led to an increase in his sphere of influence from originally Anjan to Parsa , whose ruler Ariaramna I , a brother of Cyrus I, was deposed by the Medes due to a lack of loyalty .

family tree

Achaimenes 1st King, Regent of Persia

Teispes 2nd King, Regent of Persia

Ariaramna I. 3rd King, Regent of Persis

Cyrus I. 4th King, Regent of Anzhan

Arshama I. Regional Regent

Cambyses I. 5th King, Regent of Anjan

Hystaspes prince

Cyrus II. 6th King, Regent of Persia

Dareios I. 9th King, Regent of Persia

Cambyses II. 7th King, Regent of Persia

Bardiya 8th King, Regent of Persia (or Gaumata as Smerdis)

Artystone princess

Atossa princess

Roxane princess

Xerxes I. 10th King, Regent of Persia

Artaxerxes I. 11th King, Regent of Persia

supporting documents

1. ↑ Pierre Briant: From Cyrus to Alexander. Eisenbraun, Winona Lake 2002, ISBN 1-57506-031-0 , p. 17f.
2. ↑ Herodotus 7:11
3. ↑ Herodotus Histories 1.101 & 125
4. ↑ The New Pauly . Vol. 6, Col. 1013; Briant, p. 17f.

literature

• Heidemarie Koch : Achaemenid Studies. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1993, ISBN 3-447-03328-2 .
• Otto Kaiser (Hrsg.): Texts from the environment of the Old Testament . Old episode. Vol. 1. Gütersloh 1985, ISBN 3-579-00060-8 .
• Josef Wiesehöfer : Ancient Persia 550 BC Chr to 650 AD Patmos, Düsseldorf 2005, ISBN 3-491-96151-3 .

Web links

• Cambyses I as the brother of Arukku . In: Ehsan Yarshater (Ed.): Encyclopædia Iranica (English, including references)
• M. Dandamayev: Arukku . In: Ehsan Yarshater (Ed.): Encyclopædia Iranica (English, including references)

predecessor	Office	successor
Teispes	Persian king 640–600 BC Chr.	Cambyses I.