Hystaspes

Hystaspes [ hʏsˈtaspɛs ], Greek Ύστάσπης ( Persian گشتاسب Goschtāsb [ goʃˈtɔːsb ], Old Persian Wištāspa , Babylonian Uštaspi , Elamite Mišdašba , his name means "with horses not harnessed" = "wild caught"; * around 570 BC Chr .; † 495 BC BC) belonged to the tribe of the Achaemenids .

Hystaspes was the son of Arschama I. He married Rhodogune of Parthia and was the father of Darius I .

He took part in the campaign of Cyrus II against the massagers . Under Cambyses II he became governor of the province of Parthia , which he also remained under the rule of his son. 522/521 BC He supported the campaign of his son Darius I against the rebellious Medes and defeated the Parthians and Hyrkanians, allied with the Medes, on the 2nd day of the Persian month of Viyakhna (March 8, 521 BC).

Hystaspes was identified many times with a prince of the same name who was the patron saint of the prophet Zarathustra , for the first time with Ammianus Marcellinus . However, this identification is highly controversial. He is mentioned in several Puranas .

In the Shāhnāme of Firdausi , Hystaspes appears as the Iranian king Goshtasp . According to legend, Zarathustra was received at the court of Wištaspa, who helped spread his teaching.

A Greek work mentioned by Justin was also known under the name Hystaspes , which was probably of Jewish origin and contained Vaticina apocalyptic-eschatological content.

family

With the exception of Dareios I, all other children of Hystaspes are known only from the histories of Herodotus .

• Darius I , 522 BC Great King of the Persian Empire.
• Artabanos .
• Artaphernes .
• Artanes , father of the Phratagyne .
• NN (daughter) , married to Gobryas and mother of Mardonios .
• NN (daughter) , mother of Sataspes .

family tree

Achaimenes 1st King, Regent of Persia

Teispes 2nd King, Regent of Persia

Ariaramna I. 3rd King, Regent of Persis

Cyrus I. 4th King, Regent of Anzhan

Arshama I. Regional Regent

Cambyses I. 5th King, Regent of Anjan

Hystaspes prince

Cyrus II. 6th King, Regent of Persia

Dareios I. 9th King, Regent of Persia

Cambyses II. 7th King, Regent of Persia

Bardiya 8th King, Regent of Persia (or Gaumata as Smerdis)

Artystone princess

Atossa princess

Roxane princess

Xerxes I. 10th King, Regent of Persia

Artaxerxes I. 11th King, Regent of Persia

literature

• Heidemarie Koch : Achaemenid Studies . Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1993, ISBN 3-447-03328-2 .
• Texts from the environment of the Old Testament . Old episode . tape 1 . Gütersloh 1985.
• Josef Wiesehöfer : Ancient Persia 550 BC Until 650 AD Patmos, Düsseldorf 2005, ISBN 3-491-96151-3 .
• Roland G. Kent: The Name of Hystaspes . In: Language . tape 21 , 2, April / May, 1945, pp. 55-58 , JSTOR : 409718 (English).

Remarks

1. ^ Behistun-Inscription (DB), plate 2, §35 In: Roland G. Kent: Old Persian-Grammar Texts Lexicon. American Oriental Society, 1953.
2. ↑ Franz X. Schühlein: Hystaspes book. In: Michael Buchberger (Ed.): Kirchliches Handlexikon. A reference book on the entire field of theology and its auxiliary sciences. Volume 1: A-H. Allgemeine Verlags-Gesellschaft, Munich 1907, Sp. 2068.
3. ↑ Herodotus : Historíai. 1, 209. At one point (7, 98) Herodotus erroneously named the Medes Datis as the son of Hystaspes, but what was meant was Darius.
4. ↑ Herodotus: Historíai. 4, 83.
5. ↑ Herodotus: Historíai. 5, 30. In his place (5, 25) Herodotus erroneously called him a brother on the maternal side of Darius.
6. ↑ Herodotus: Historíai. 7, 224.
7. ↑ Herodotus, Historíai. 7, 5.