Wall systems (Lübeck)
The ramparts are the largest and oldest park in the city of Lübeck .
location
The ramparts are redesigned fortifications on the edge of the southern old town.
history
Until the beginning of the 19th century, the fortifications, which date back to 1241, enclosed the old town center. From 1469 onwards, they were significantly expanded, and walls, towers and gates were also incorporated. They expanded over an area that was ultimately half the size of that of the old town island. Until 1670 the ramparts were constantly strengthened and expanded. Up to 25,000 citizens were obliged to work on the facilities until they increasingly lost their job in the 18th century. They were razed or turned into promenades.
The first trees were planted as early as the 17th century. In 1775, avenues of young elms ran along the ramparts and in 1778 the first municipal tree nursery was established. A wide variety of foreign trees were also planted. For bank reinforcement and timber management, the planting intensified in the 18th century. To protect the new plantings, Lübeck issued tree protection regulations as early as 1766 . The original defensive character of the ramparts was lost from 1794 when the inner city wall was torn down. During the siege of the French in 1806-1813, avenues and trees were felled and sold.
The ramparts north of the Holstentor were lost with the construction of the Lübeck-Büchener Railway in the middle of the 19th century, which was heavily denounced, so that as a result, the railway company committed itself to designing green spaces and the Prussian horticultural director Peter Joseph Lenné and Rastedt for gardening Planning won. However, these designs fell victim to the construction of the city port facilities.
With the construction of the Elbe-Trave canal from 1895 to 1900, the wall areas were fundamentally redesigned, to which Metaphius Langenbuch , who was city gardener from 1879 to 1907, played a major role. The size of the facilities remained unchanged, but was cut through by the Elbe-Trave Canal . New design spaces were created at the beginning of the 20th century as part of the socially oriented reform movement.
In the last century, the war led to deforestation, which was followed by rapid planting of gaps, which led to overgrowth without concept. In 2003 it was decided to take measures to preserve the gardens again .
The park
The Wallanlagen green area is characterized by the star-shaped ditch course with bastions built into the tips and special systems that have become central locations through special horticultural design. The promenade at a height of up to 27 m is characterized by special city views.
The tree park consists of various valuable native and exotic trees. On Wallstrasse, between the trees that surround the mini golf course, there is a 100-year-old Hungarian oak . The oldest tree, the 350-year-old imperial oak , stands on the rise of the entrance to the Kaisertor on Mühlendamm. It was voted the most beautiful tree in Lübeck in 2008, despite its very ruinous appearance.
Central places along the hiking trail
As you head into town at the Puppenbrücke , the hiking trail through the park begins with an information board. Right at the beginning of the path on the Holstentor bastion, benches invite you to rest on a small semicircle, today's "Barths" square, which is named after Erwin Barth , the gardening director from 1908 to 1911. Below the Puppenbrücke, a larger semicircular square was opened in 2003 Sun place with benches for the afternoon sun in place of the original Barths Platz as the latest upgrade in place of the birch trees of the post-war period.
A snail-shaped path has been winding its way up to the next cat bastion since 1800, which is why the bastion was formerly called the Schneckenberg ; today it is known as Katzenberg . From there you should have a particularly beautiful view of the Petrikirche (Lübeck) .
A miniature golf course was set up in the 1960s on the lowland in front of the municipal tree nursery building from 1778 in front of the Kommis bastion. The Buniamshof sports field next to it was laid out according to Barth's plans in 1911 and is now Lübeck's second largest stadium. A memorial erected around 1920 by the medalist and sculptor Hans Schwegerle commemorates the Lübeck gymnastics club who fell in World War I.
For non-sporting events, an open-air stage was created directly on the Buniamshof bastion for the 700th anniversary of imperial freedom . Barth helped plan the stage; it was built in 1926 according to plans by gardening inspector Rudolf Engehausen.
Across the Wipperbrücke bridge - where fraudulent merchants were "rocked" in the Middle Ages, i.e. drowned - lies the Nice playground in front of the Powder Tower bastion, which was created in 1927 as a former water playground together with sunny benches. The large semicircular masonry basin was supplemented by a masonry draw well in 1930 and the center of the circle was emphasized with a granite column with a bronze water feature and the statue "Boy with Tires", also created by Schwegerle .
At the entrance to the complex, stairs lead up to the bastion. There the former nautical school stands in 1899 on the brick substructure of the former gatehouse, also known as the Kaisertor , from the 13th century, which was covered by the ramparts and was only reopened in 1895 when the Elbe-Lübeck Canal was built.
An avenue leads on to the last station on the Schwansort bastion, of which only a remainder remains due to the construction of the canal. The sandstone obelisk by the architect and city builder Joseph Christian Lillie, which was erected there in 1820, remained there even if it had to go crazy. The memorial commemorates the only victim under French rule at the time of Napoleon, Jürgen Paul Prahl from Lübeck , who had to die after slapping a Frenchman.
The ramparts have been preserved up to the Hüxtertorbrücke.
World heritage
The ramparts are the most important gardens in the Hanseatic city. As part of Lübeck's old town , they are part of the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1987 .
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c d e f g h i Adrian von Butler, Margita Marion Meyer: Historical gardens in Schleswig-Holstein. Publisher Boyens & Co 1996. pp. 429-432
- ↑ a b c d e area urban greenery and cemeteries of the Hanseatic city of Lübeck: Information on the park maintenance work and the ramparts circuit
- ↑ Hanseatic City of Lübeck Nature Conservation Area: Recreational landscapes ramparts. P. 36
- ↑ Lübeck city newspaper: Sun place on the bridge. March 18, 2003
- ↑ a b c Small Lexicon Lübeck. Ramparts. Imperial Gate. Prahl Monument . Konrad Dietrich Zeise Verlag. Hamburg 2000. ISBN 3-932844-40-8