Regional Association of Jewish Communities in Hesse

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The regional association of Jewish communities in Hesse is the umbrella organization for unified Jewish communities in Hesse . It includes all Hessian communities, but not the Jewish community in Frankfurt am Main , which is by far the largest community in the country, and the Jewish Liberal Community Emet weSchalom Nordhessen , which is organized in the Union of Progressive Jews in Germany . The association has the legal form of a corporation under public law .

history

Historically, the various rulers in the area of ​​today's federal state of Hesse, including today's Rhineland-Palatinate areas of Rheinhessen and the administrative district of Montabaur, were the "heartland of German Jewry".

In the 17th and 18th centuries, the Hessian Jewish communities were organized in so-called rural Jews , and many Jewish regional days were also held in Hesse. The first Jewish state parliament took place in Kassel in 1622, the other state parliaments then took place in Spangenberg, Melsungen, Grebenstein, Gudensberg and Borken. All tax-paying Jews of the Jewish communities within a country gathered at these Hessian Jewish Land Days. The subjects of the Jewish Diets were religious and tax matters and the appointment of representatives to the government. There were a total of 25 Jewish state days in Hesse after a three-year cycle, with the meeting time being the month of August, after the fasting day of the 9th Aw. was.

In 1817 there were around 13,100 Jews in Kurhessen . According to Paul Arnsberg, Kurhessen was the first German federal state to give Jews complete equality in 1833 .

The structure of Hessian Judaism was then shaped by hundreds of small Jewish communities. Until the time of National Socialism , Hesse had an above-average proportion of Jews in the population. In 1905 there were 224 Jewish communities in the Grand Duchy of Hesse .

In 1910 there were 51,781 Jews in Hessen-Nassau . In 1932 there were a total of 43,354 Jews in Hessen-Nassau, with 22,575 Jews living in the province of Hessen-Nassau excluding Frankfurt, 20,041 Jews in Hessen-Darmstadt and 196 Jews in the Wetzlar region. In 1933 there were still 46,923 Jewish community members in Hessen-Nassau. The total population in Hessen-Nassau at that time was 3,307,677 inhabitants. The percentage was 1.3%.

In the Grand Duchy of Hesse the number was 24,063 in 1910. In 1933 there were 17,888 Jews in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. According to Arnsberg, it should be noted that the percentage of Jews in Hesse was higher than the average in the German Empire.

As early as 1945, the majority of the newly established municipalities were linked by regional associations, with the center of the organizations being the largest (and often only) municipality in the country. The Jewish State Association of Hesse was founded on June 3, 1948 in Frankfurt / Main and recognized by the Hessian Ministry of Education as a public corporation on December 17, 1948. Ewald Alschoff (1895–1957) was the founder of the State Association of Jewish Communities in Hesse. Since 1954 Max Willner (* 1906 in Gelsenkirchen), who was interned in various concentration camps from 1939 to 1945, was director of the Jewish regional association. In 1957 Levin (born April 1, 1899 in Schwarzenau / East Prussia) succeeded him in this office. Max Willner also chaired the regional association from 1983 until his death in 1994. From then until his death in June 2016, Moritz Neumann headed the association, of which he was director from 1984 to 2005. Jacob Gutmark has been the chairman since 2016. The lawyer Daniel Neumann has been the director since 2005 .

The structure of Hessian Jewry is now shaped by large communities. In 1971, the regional association comprised the Jewish communities of Darmstadt, Fulda, Gelnhausen, Bad Homburg, Kassel, Marburg an der Lahn, Bad Nauheim, Offenbach am Main and Wiesbaden with a total of 1563 community members.

Today the LV includes the communities in Kassel, Darmstadt, Limburg, Fulda, Bad Nauheim, Offenbach, Wiesbaden , Hanau, Gießen and Marburg. It has more than 5000 members.

legal action

The state association of Jewish communities in Hesse caused a nationwide sensation in 2003 when it filed criminal charges against Martin Hohmann , member of the Bundestag CDU . In a speech on the Day of German Unity, he had made statements that were viewed as anti-Semitic .

State Church Treaty

The relationship between the state of Hesse and the Jewish communities was regulated in a state church contract in the form of a church contract. The contract between the state of Hesse and the regional association of Jewish communities in Hesse was signed in Wiesbaden on November 11, 1986 and approved by the Hessian state parliament on December 1, 1986. According to this, the state association is the contact person for the state government and the state institutions in Hesse for Jewish matters. On the basis of this contract, the State of Hesse initially paid DM 2 million (approx. EUR 1.02 million) annually to the Jewish regional association. A follow-up contract was signed on October 11, 2007, which includes an increase in national output from EUR 1.493 million in 2007 to EUR 3.7 million for the period from 2008 to 2010.

On the basis of the state treaty and on the basis of a cooperation agreement between the LJGH and the Jewish Community of Frankfurt am Main , the latter receives 70% of the state's contribution under the state treaty.

Furthermore, based on a special agreement dated November 10, 2000 between the State of Hesse, the City of Frankfurt and the Jewish Community of Frankfurt am Main, the State of Hesse pays a debt relief contribution of EUR 1,277,100 for them.

literature

  • Paul Arnsberg : The Jewish communities in Hesse. Beginning, fall, new beginning . (Ed. State Association of Jewish Communities in Hesse). Volume II, Frankfurt am Main 1971.
  • Paul Arnsberg: The Jewish communities in Hesse. Images documents . (Ed. State Association of Jewish Communities in Hesse). Darmstadt 1973.
  • Jonathan C. Friedman : The Lion and the Star: Gentile-Jewish Relations in Three Hessian Communities. Univ. Press of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky., 1998 (Frankfurt am Main, Geisenheim, Gießen).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Paul Arnsberg: The Jewish communities in Hesse. Beginning, fall, new beginning . (Ed. State Association of Jewish Communities in Hesse). Volume I, Frankfurt am Main 1971, p. 7
  2. ^ A b c Paul Arnsberg: The Jewish communities in Hessen. Beginning, fall, new beginning . (Ed. State Association of Jewish Communities in Hesse). Volume I, Frankfurt am Main 1971, p. 21
  3. ^ Paul Arnsberg: The Jewish communities in Hesse. Beginning, fall, new beginning . (Ed. State Association of Jewish Communities in Hesse). Volume I, Frankfurt am Main 1971, p. 16
  4. ^ A b c Paul Arnsberg: The Jewish communities in Hessen. Beginning, fall, new beginning . (Ed. State Association of Jewish Communities in Hesse). Volume I, Frankfurt am Main 1971, p. 19
  5. ^ Paul Arnsberg: The Jewish communities in Hesse. Beginning, fall, new beginning. (Ed. State Association of Jewish Communities in Hesse). Volume I, Frankfurt am Main 1971, p. 17
  6. ^ A b Paul Arnsberg: The Jewish communities in Hesse. Images documents . (Ed. State Association of Jewish Communities in Hesse). Darmstadt 1973, p. 174
  7. ^ Paul Arnsberg: The Jewish communities in Hesse. Images documents . (Ed. State Association of Jewish Communities in Hesse). Darmstadt 1973, p. 175
  8. ↑ About us. In: lvjgh.de, accessed on June 26, 2016.
  9. ↑ regional associations. In: Zentralratdjuden.de, accessed on June 26, 2016.
  10. ^ Jewish communities and regional associations. In: religion-online.info, accessed June 26, 2016.
  11. ↑ "Unvarnished Anti-Semitism". Press release on the Hohmann case by the State Association of Jewish Communities in Hesse from November 6, 2003 Archived copy ( memento from October 19, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  12. ↑ JudGemVtrG HE
  13. ↑ [1] (PDF; 152 kB)
  14. ↑ JudGemVtrG HE (2007)
  15. ↑ [2] (PDF; 152 kB), Frankfurt: Jewish community gets more money , [ archived copy ( memento of January 8, 2010 in the Internet Archive )], [3]

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