Jewish community of Marburg
The Jewish Community of Marburg is one of the eleven Jewish communities in Hesse and is part of the State Association of Jewish Communities in Hesse , which has existed since 1949.
.jpg)
history
There was a Jewish community in Marburg for the first time in the Middle Ages . A large number of Jewish families lived in the Judengasse (today: Schlosssteig) in the first half of the 14th century. The synagogue , first mentioned in 1317 and destroyed in the city fire in 1319, was probably built around 1280 in place of an older building. A new building took place after 1320 at the same place (remains were rediscovered during excavations in 1993). During the persecution of the Jews during the plague of 1348/49, the Jewish community was destroyed. After 1364 some Jews were able to move there again. Due to their occupational restrictions, they lived mainly from lending money, but in the second half of the 14th century, among other things, two Jewish doctors in the city are also mentioned. In 1524 the Jews were expelled from Marburg on the basis of a decree by Landgrave Philipp I
Since the beginning of the 17th century, individual Jewish families have been able to move in again. They lived again in the area of Judengasse and the neighboring Wettergasse. In the course of the 19th century there was immigration from the surrounding rural communities, so that by the end of the 19th century there were over 500 Jewish community members (about 3% of the total population). Since 1823 Marburg was the seat of a provincial rabbinate (including Rabbi Leo Munk, 1876–1918). Since the middle of the 19th century, Jewish traders opened numerous shops (leather shops were of particular importance), department stores and banks. Jewish doctors and lawyers opened practices and law firms.
The philosopher Hermann Cohen taught at the university from 1876 to 1912 . In August 1818, the first larger synagogue was inaugurated. In September 1897 a synagogue was inaugurated on Universitätsstrasse. This synagogue was desecrated and burned down by the Marburg SA men during the November pogrom in 1938 . In 1933 there were still 341 Jewish people living in Marburg. Some of them were able to emigrate or move to other cities in the following years. Those who remained in Marburg were 1941 after Riga (23 people) and 1942 to Theresienstadt and in the death camps of the East deported (54 persons) and in the Holocaust murdered.
After 1945, survivors of concentration camps founded a new Jewish community in the city, but the number of Jewish community members fell to 15 by 1961 , particularly due to emigration to Israel . A new Jewish community was founded in the mid-1980s by Amnon Orbach, who had moved from Israel. In 2006 there were around 350 members in the community. On November 26, 2005, a new synagogue was inaugurated in Liebigstrasse, and on October 28, 2010, a new Torah scroll was completed and brought into the synagogue.
Synagogues in Marburg
| Inauguration / establishment | Street / location | annotation |
|---|---|---|
| No later than 1280 | Corner of Mainzer Gasse / Schlosssteig | 1452 Demolition of the first synagogue in Judengasse |
| 1640 | Schlosssteig 6 | Private synagogue in Judengasse |
| 1720 | Langgasse 7 | today residential building |
| August 14, 1818 | Ritterstrasse 2 | today residential building |
| September 15, 1897 | Universitätsstrasse 11 | burned down on November 10, 1938 ( pogrom night ), see Marburg synagogue (1897–1938) |
| From May (March 28th?) 1945 | Lutherstrasse 2 1/2 | today an association of German students |
| February 3, 1946 | Landgraf-Philipp-Strasse 2 | today gymnastics club Schaumburgia |
| From May 1950 | Schulstrasse 7 | End of use unknown, demolished, today multi-storey car park |
| September 1, 1989 | Pilgrim stone 25 | After the arrival of many Jews from the former USSR it became too small |
| November 26, 2005 | Liebigstrasse 21a |
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Annegret Wenz-Haubfleisch: A happy day for the Jewish community in Marburg - Ceremony for the completion of the new Torah in the Marburg State Archives . In: Archivnachrichten aus Hessen 1/11 (2011), pp. 45f.
