Saybusch district
The Saybusch district existed in occupied Poland between 1939 and 1945 . On January 1, 1945, it comprised two cities administered in accordance with the German municipal code of January 30, as well as 67 other municipalities combined in administrative districts.
history
Poland
At the beginning of the Second World War , the Żywiec district belonged to Poland , namely to the Cracow Voivodeship .
After the German occupation of Poland in September 1939, the Żywiec district was renamed Saybusch , with the part west of the Sola river already being administered by a German land commissioner.
German Empire
On October 26, 1939, the previously Polish district of Saybusch became part of the newly formed administrative district of Katowice in the Prussian province of Silesia .
The seat of the district office became the city of Saybusch .
On November 20, 1939, the border to the newly formed Generalgouvernement for the occupied Polish territories was finally determined. The remainder of the district east of the Sola became part of the German Empire.
On January 18, 1941, the province of Silesia was dissolved. The new province of Upper Silesia was formed from the previous administrative districts of Katowice and Opole .
In the spring of 1945, the district was occupied by the Red Army and then became part of Poland again.
Saybusch campaign
In the policy of Germanization in the Saybuscher Land , the occupiers could not be based on the Schlonsak movement, as in the western district of Teschen , because the population did not identify as Silesians, but as Poles . The local Gorals were not encouraged to reject their Polish identity, as in the Goralenvolk campaign in the more eastern region of Podhale . Instead, the experimental Saybusch campaign was introduced, which was the most extensive and most developed resettlement campaign (alongside the districts of Bielitz and Blachstädt ) in the new "East Upper Silesia". Between September and December 1940 , 17,993 Poles were expelled from the occupied territories of Saybuscher Land (e.g. 843 from Gilowice , 800 from Radziechowy , 722 from Kamesznica , etc.) in order to be able to settle ethnic Germans from Eastern Galicia and Buchenland . Most of the Poles were resettled in the Generalgouvernement . Some young men were deported to the German Reich as forced laborers .
politics
Land Commissioner
- 1939 :?
District administrators
- 1939–1940:?
- 1940–1943: Eugen Hering
- 1943 Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg ( substitute )
- 1943–
Local constitution
After incorporation into the German Reich , the two cities of Saybusch and Sucha were subject to the German municipal code of January 30, 1935 valid in the old Reich , which provided for the implementation of the Führer principle at the municipal level.
All other cities and municipalities were grouped together in administrative districts and were administered by office commissioners.
Place names
By unpublished decree of December 29, 1939, the Austrian place names valid until 1918 were provisionally valid with regard to the previously Polish place names. This global renaming was possible because the entire German map series for the areas ceded to Poland in 1918 (also) continued to use the earlier German and Austrian place names. In reality, only the German name Saybusch was used during World War II.
There was no final assignment of purely German place names until the end of the war. The proposals were sent until March 10, 1942, but the process of name changes was suspended on March 18 until further notice. However, this was already prepared in detail in Berlin-Dahlem . These were phonetic adjustments, translations (although these may have been avoided), new creations or improvements to the names that have been in effect since 1939. Many of the proposed names were based on the work of some German folklorists, such as Kurt Lück and Walter Kuhn , who had found names of German origin that had long been abandoned shortly before the war and during the war.
Web links
- Saybusch district administrative history and the district administrators on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of August 20, 2013.
- Home calendar of the Beskid district Saybusch 1941, vol. 1
literature
- Hans-Werner Retterath (Ed.): Germanization in occupied East Upper Silesia during the Second World War . Münster 2018, ISBN 978-3-8309-3828-6 ( online [PDF]).
- Mirosław Sikora: Niszczyć, by tworzyć. Germanizacja Żywiecczyznyprzez narodowosocjalistyczne Niemcy 1939–1944 / 45 [Destroying to Create. The Germanization of the Zywiec District by National Socialist Germany 1939–1944 / 45] . Oddział Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej - Komisji Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu w Katowicach, Tarnowskie Góry 2010, ISBN 978-83-7629-229-8 (Polish, online ).
- Mirosław Sikora: Saybusch Action. Wysiedlenie mieszkańców Żywiecczyzny przez okupanta niemieckiego 1940-1941 . Katowice 2010 (Polish, online ).