Latin sail

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Latin sail
Vela Latina

The latin sail is a sling sail consisting of a cloth in the shape of a triangle, which is attached to the rod with the tail or the Latin yard called spar . The rod is mostly attached approximately in the middle of the mast . For sailing, the rod is tilted so that one side of the sail is horizontal and is taut with the rope at the tip. Depending on the wind direction, the sail can be swiveled to both sides, for which the entire rod has to be realigned.

origin of the name

The origin of the name Latin sail is not exactly clear. One interpretation says that the northern European seafarers gave the name to the Latins who used it. Another interpretation refers to the expression alla trina (triangular) for the sail. The square sail was called alla quadrata .

History and Uses

The latin sail came in the 2nd – 4th Century AD in the Roman Mediterranean shipping, initially mainly on smaller and coastal vessels. According to the Belgian naval historian Lucien Basch, real Latin sails can even be traced back to the first century BC in Hellenistic seafaring. The heyday of the latin sail was in the Middle Ages . From the 6th century onwards it dominated sailing in the Mediterranean to such an extent that the square sail that had prevailed up to that point only became really tangible again in the late Middle Ages . The latin sail made it possible to sail higher upwind, which made cruising easier and significantly reduced travel time against the wind.

The ships in the Age of Discovery, the caravels , carracks and galleons used square sails on the fore masts and latin sails on the aft masts. In the case of very large ships of that time, two latin sails were occasionally driven over one another, but this was very difficult to operate.

The closely with the Setteesegel related lateen was in the 17th century to lugsail and Gaffelsegel further developed; the spars for stretching the gaff sail, called tree and gaff, are attached to the mast at one end and are therefore much easier to handle during maneuvers.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Nevertheless, it is assumed that the square sail will continue to exist in the Mediterranean (F. Castro, N. Fonseca, T. Vacas, F. Ciciliot: A Quantitative Look at Mediterranean Lateen and Square-Rigged Ships (Part 1). In: The International Journal of Nautical Archeology. Volume 37, No. 2, 2008, pp. 347-359 (2))

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Lionel Casson : Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995, ISBN 0-8018-5130-0 , pp. 243-245.
  2. ^ Lionel Casson: The Sails of the Ancient Mariner. In: Archeology. Volume 7, No. 4, 1954, pp. 214-219.
  3. ↑ Lynn White: The Diffusion of the Lateen Sail. Medieval Religion and Technology. Collected essays. University of California Press, 1978, ISBN 0-520-03566-6 , pp. 255-260 (255)
  4. ↑ IC Campbell: The Lateen Sail in World History. ( Memento of the original from August 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 192 kB). In: Journal of World History. Volume 6, No. 1, 1995, pp. 1-23 (8-11) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.uhpress.hawaii.edu
  5. ↑ George Makris: Ships. In: Angeliki E. Laiou (Ed.): The Economic History of Byzantium. From the Seventh through the Fifteenth Century. Volume 1, Dumbarton Oaks, 2002, ISBN 0-88402-288-9 , pp. 89-99 (96)
  6. ↑ Zaraza Friedman, Levent Zoroğlu: Kelenderis Ship Square or Lateen Sail? In: The International Journal of Nautical Archeology. Volume 35, No. 1, 2006, pp. 108-116 (113-114)
  7. ^ John H. Pryor, Elizabeth M. Jeffreys: The Age of the ΔΡΟΜΩΝ. The Byzantine Navy approx. 500–1204. (= The Medieval Mediterranean. Peoples, Economies and Cultures, 400-1500. Volume 62). Brill Academic Publishers, 2006, ISBN 90-04-15197-4 , pp. 153-161.
  8. ^ F. Castro, N. Fonseca, T. Vacas, F. Ciciliot: A Quantitative Look at Mediterranean Lateen- and Square-Rigged Ships (Part 1). In: The International Journal of Nautical Archeology. Volume 37, No. 2, 2008, pp. 347–359 (1–2)
  9. ^ Julian Whitewright: The Mediterranean Lateen Sail in Late Antiquity. In: The International Journal of Nautical Archeology. Volume 38, No. 1, 2009, pp. 97-104.
  10. ↑ Basch, Lucien: La voile latine, son origine, son évolution et ses parentés arabes. In: Harry Tzalas (Ed.): Tropis VI, 6th International Symposium on Ship Construction in Antiquity, Lamia 1996 proceedings. Hellenic Institute for the Preservation of Nautical Tradition, 2001, pp. 55–85 (63–64)
  11. ^ Lionel Casson: Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995, ISBN 0-8018-5130-0 , pp. 243-245.
  12. ^ John H. Pryor, Elizabeth M. Jeffreys: The Age of the ΔΡΟΜΩΝ. The Byzantine Navy approx. 500–1204. (= The Medieval Mediterranean. Peoples, Economies and Cultures, 400-1500. Volume 62). Brill Academic Publishers, 2006, ISBN 90-04-15197-4 , pp. 153-161.

See also

Web links

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