Le Droit Humain
Le Droit Humain (also: International Masonic Order for Men and Women , Ordre Maçonique Mixte International "Le Droit Humain" ("Human Right")) was founded in 1893 by the French Maria Deraismes and Georges Martin . The order, based in Paris, is represented in over 60 countries and on five continents.
history
The Grand Orient de France Masonic Grand Lodge invited Maria Deraismes to give a lecture on equal rights for women . Despite this appreciation, the admission of women to the lodges was still refused. In contrast, the Parisian doctor, senator and "Conseiller Général" George Martin was convinced that women should occupy a more important position in society. For this reason he worked together with Maria Deraismes for more than 10 years to open up Freemasonry to women. However, these efforts were fruitless.
In Le Pecq , the men's lodge Les Libres Penseurs became independent from the Grande Loge Symbolique Ecossaise de France and took on Maria Deraismes on January 14, 1882 . Since the times of the Pug Order , she was one of the first women to be accepted into Freemasonry. After violent protests, however, this led to the closure of the lodge. So George Martin and Maria Deraismes decided to found the first modern lodge in the world that would accept both men and women as members. On March 14, 1893, 16 women were initiated. Mixed-sex Freemasonry and obedience arose. This grand lodge established lodges all over the world in the following years. On the occasion of an Esperanto congress in Frankfurt am Main , the first Le Droit Humain lodge in Germany with the name "Goethe" was founded in 1921 . Further lodges in Hamburg ("Hansa", 1924) and Berlin ("To the knowledge", 1929) followed. The German jurisdiction of Le Droit Humain currently comprises three blue boxes, a triangle and a high-grade box:
Blue boxes:
- "Albert Schweitzer" lodge in Berlin
- Lodge "Order of the Heart" in Mannheim
- Lodge "Union chain over the free Rhine" in Düsseldorf
Other workshops:
As of January 1, 2020, the order comprised around 32,000 members in more than 60 countries on all 5 continents.
| Period | Name / Notes |
|---|---|
| 1893-1894 | Maria Deraismes (1828-1894) |
| 1894-1914 | Marie Georges Martin (1848–1914), wife of Georges Martin , co-founder of Le Droit Humain |
| 1914-1918 | Marie Bonnevial (1841-1918), French socialist and teacher |
| 1919-1928 | Eugène Piron (1863–1929), French socialist and chemist |
| 1929-1934 | Lucien Levi (1882–1935), French chemist and writer |
| 1934-1947 | Henri Petit (1868–1955), French insurance expert |
| 1947-1954 | Marguerite Martin (1877–1956), French socialist, teacher, feminist and pacifist |
| 1954-1969 | Charles Cambillard (1892–1982), French English specialist |
| 1969-1983 | Andre Clément, from France |
| 1983-1987 | Jacques Choisez, from Belgium |
| 1987-1997 | Marc Grosjean (? -2012), from France |
| 1997-2007 | Njörður P. Njarðvik (* 1936), Icelandic writer |
| 2007–2012 | Danielle Juette (* 1946), French doctor |
| 2012-2017 | Yvette Ramon (France) |
| 2017 – today | Daniel Bolens (Switzerland) |
See also
Web links
- Website of the International Mixed Masonic Order "Le Droit Humain"
- Website of the German jurisdiction of the order
- Entries on Droit Humain in general and Droit Humain in Germany in the Freemason wiki
- Albert Schweitzer Lodge in Berlin
- Lodge order of the heart in Mannheim
- Union Chain Lodge over the free Rhine in Düsseldorf
Individual evidence
- ^ Website of the order. January 1, 2020, accessed April 16, 2020 .
- ↑ Well-known Freemasons. In: loge-carpediem.de. December 31, 2005, archived from the original on July 22, 2007 ; accessed on August 7, 2014 .
- ↑ droithumain-france.org
- ^ Constitución de la Orden