Camelina oil
| Camelina oil | |
|---|---|
| Raw material plant (noun) |
False flax ( Camelina sativa ) |
| origin |
Seeds |
| colour |
deep yellow to red yellow |
| ingredients | |
| Oleic acid | 11.6% -24% |
| Linoleic acid | 14.3-21.5% |
| Linolenic acid | 33-39% |
| Palmitic acid | 5-7% |
| More fatty acids | 11.5-16% gondo acid , 2.2-3% erucic acid , 1.4% arachidic acid , 2-3% stearic acid |
| Σ saturated fat | 8.4-11.4 |
| Σ monounsaturated fatty acids | 25.3-43 |
| Σ polyunsaturated fatty acids | 47.3-60.5 |
| properties | |
| density | 0.919-0.926 kg / l at 15 ° C |
| viscosity | = 31 mm 2 / s (at 40 ° C) |
| Melting point | -11 to -18 ° C |
| Iodine number | 124-153 |
| Saponification number | 185-194 |
| Calorific value | 39.6 MJ / kg |
| Manufacturing and Consumption | |
| Most important production countries | USA, Canada, EU |
| use | Food, pharmacy, bioenergy |
Camelina oil is obtained by pressing the seeds of the camelina . The seeds contain 28 to 42 percent oil with a very high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids .
properties
The oil is extracted from the ripe seeds and after the dark colored particles have settled it has a rich yellow to yellow-red color. It is similar in color to rapeseed oil . At room temperature it is liquid and dries very quickly; the solidification temperature is –11 to –18 ° C. The smell is described as herbaceous or “like a cut meadow”, the taste is slightly pungent and reminiscent of mustard oil . In addition to a rich spectrum of fatty acids , the oil contains many volatile substances (various alcohols, organic acids, etc.), sterols and tocopherols .
Analytics
For the reliable qualitative and quantitative determination of the fatty acids in the different lipid classes and the accompanying fatty substances of the unsaponifiable , gas chromatography is used in combination with mass spectrometry after adequate sample preparation .
use
nutrition
Camelina oil is a "guaranteed traditional specialty" (g. T. S.) protected by the EU - it is particularly valuable for nutrition due to the high proportion of α-linolenic acid , while the proportion of erucic acid is below 4 percent. In southern Austria, the oil (usage: "yolk oil") is often used as a home remedy. Taken orally, it is said to strengthen the immune system, rubbed in it promotes wound healing and relieves arthritic symptoms. In various studies on domestic pigs and humans, camelina oil has also found a cholesterol- lowering property that is comparable to that of rapeseed and olive oil . In the pharmaceutical industry and in the field of cosmetics production, as in nutrition, above all α-linolenic acid is valued. This proportion is to be increased by further breeding. Camelina oil can also be used in the manufacture of lamp oils.
Industry
Camelina oil is also of interest in the technical industry. Due to its quick-drying properties, like linseed oil, it can be used in oleochemicals for the production of varnishes, paints and oil-based polymers . By esterification also long chain and very long chain can be from the oil wax Sester in high yields of about 90% gain, which can be used as raw materials in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics manufacturing and specialty lubricants.
Camelina oil can also be used as a vegetable oil fuel and has better start-up properties than rapeseed oil at lower temperatures , but its use is not established and corresponding statements cannot be empirically supported. In the form of Plantanol DX 52 , camelina oil is also used as an additive in diesel fuel . In a research project at the University of Rostock, the properties of camelina oil were tested as a fuel for modern tugs . It was found that a 30:70 mixture of cold-pressed camelina and rapeseed oil can be used in engines suitable for vegetable oil without major problems, but is not recommended due to the increased coking of the nozzles (coke trumpet formation on the injectors).
In aviation, mixtures of conventional kerosene and fuel made from camelina are tested. On June 20, 2011, a Boeing 747-8 crossed the Atlantic as the first large transport machine with a mixture of kerosene (85%) and fuel made from camelina oil (15%). No changes to the aircraft, engines or operating procedures had to be made for the test.
On August 21, 2013 the Chilean airline LATAM Airlines realized the first commercial flight with a mixture of 33% fuel from camelina oil and 67% conventional kerosene. The flight was carried out with an Airbus A320 between the Colombian cities of Bogotá and Cali .
literature
- Petra Becker: Camelina - properties and potential of an old cultivated plant. In: vegetable oil. 3/2008, pp. 20-21.
- Ralf Pude, Barbara Wenig: Plants for Industry. Plants, raw materials, products. Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e. V., Gülzow 2005, p. 11. ( PDF; 1.5 MB )
- S. Krist, G. Buchbauer, C. Klausberger: Lexicon of vegetable fats and oils. Springer Verlag, Vienna 2008, ISBN 978-3-211-75606-5 , pp. 434–441.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g S. Krist among others: Lexicon of vegetable fats and oils. Springer Verlag, Vienna 2008.
- ↑ a b c Bavarian State Ministry for State Development and Environmental Issues: Vegetable oil- powered combined heat and power plants. Part 2, 2002, online (PDF; 1.35 MB), lfu.bayern.de, accessed on April 30, 2017.
- ↑ Camelina oil - an old vegetable oil with a new future? (PDF; 192 kB), from em-chiemgau.de, accessed on October 26, 2017.
- ↑ FNR : Biofuels Basic Data Germany October 2009 (PDF; 526 kB).
- ↑ Camelina Company España: Quality & quantity specifications Crude camelina oil. ITAKA Collaborative Project FP7 - 308807, 2013, online ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 781 kB), on itaka-project.eu, accessed on May 7, 2017.
- ↑ R. Hrastar, MG Petrisic, N. Ogrinc, IJ Kosir: Fatty acid and stable carbon isotope characterization of Camelina sativa oil: implications for authentication. In: J. Agric. Food Chem. 57 (2), 2009, pp. 579-585. PMID 19123821
- ↑ MP Mansour, P. Shrestha, S. Belide, JR Petrie, PD Nichols, SP Singh: Characterization of oilseed lipids from "DHA-producing Camelina sativa": a new transformed land plant containing long-chain omega-3 oils. In: Nutrients. 6 (2), 2014, pp. 776-789. PMID 24566436
- ↑ Use of camelina oil in mixtures with other vegetable oils as a special fuel. Project database of the specialist agency for renewable raw materials, FKZ 22009507.
- ↑ Boeing 747-8 freighter arrives in Paris after groundbreaking biofuel flight on airportzentrale.de, June 21, 2011, accessed on May 2, 2017.
- ↑ LAN relies on second generation biofuel on austrianwings.info, August 28, 2013, accessed on May 2, 2017.
