Canvas prints in St. Maria (Buxheim)
In the church of St. Maria in the Upper Swabian town of Buxheim near Memmingen there are several canvas paintings by Johann Friedrich Sichelbein and Johann Georg Bergmüller . They were painted between 1694 and 1718 and hung in the church or used as altarpieces. The oldest is the picture of the sideboard by Sichelbein, the youngest from 1718 is the picture of the high altar by Bergmüller. They are based on biblical texts or show Carthusian monks in characteristic situations.
Priestly choir
In the priest's choir there are ten more canvas pictures in addition to the high altar sheet and the picture in the sideboard.
Mary Magdalene
The canvas picture Maria Magdalena was painted by Johann Friedrich Sichelbein in 1711/1714. It measures 178.5 × 101 centimeters and hangs in the west of the southern wall of the priest's choir, to the right above the prior chair. Maria Magdalena is shown in the center of the picture as a penitent. She is shown in a wide, white robe. She wears a pink cloth around her hips, which falls over her right thigh to the floor. In her left hand she holds a wooden cross that sinks down between her thighs, with the cross pointing downwards. The brown hair falls forward, over her shoulders. Your right hand holds the hair together on your chest. Your gaze is directed up to the sky. The sky, which is painted with dark clouds, is broken only on the far right side by a cloud gap with orange tones. From the sky hole three putto heads look at Maria Magdalena. To her left is a small table with an open book on it. A skull is depicted on the book. The lower third of the picture is formed by a stony landscape, on the right side several plants can be seen.
St. Joseph
The canvas picture St. Joseph was painted by Johann Friedrich Sichelbein between 1711 and 1714. It measures 178.5 × 90.5 centimeters and hangs on the south wall of the priest's choir, to the left above the priors chair.
St. Peter
The canvas picture St. Petrus was painted by Johann Friedrich Sichelbein between 1711 and 1714. It has the dimensions of 178.5 × 100.5 centimeters and hangs in the eastern corner of the north wall of the priest's choir.
Crucifixion of Christ
The picture Crucifixion of Christ was painted by Johann Friedrich Sichelbein around 1692. It is hung on the wall on the north wall of the priestly choir and measures 325 × 230 centimeters. It is signed on the lower right with Joh: Frid: Sichelbein fecit . Sickle leg represents Jesus on the cross in the center. The simple Latin wooden cross is centered in the picture. At the intersection of the two wooden beams there is a curled sheet of paper with an inscription. The widely spread arms of Jesus are nailed to the outer fifth of the crossbeam. His head, still with a crown of thorns, is surrounded with a halo and pointing downwards towards his mother Mary . Jesus himself is shown naked except for a loincloth. His emaciated figure hangs on the crossbar. The feet are nailed to the lower fifth of the longitudinal beam, the knees slightly bent. Below the cross are a skull and several bones. Mary is depicted on his right and John on his left . Mary Magdalene kneels before the cross . A Carthusian monk praying can be seen in front of John. Maria, with a radiant nimbus , wears a white robe with a golden headscarf, which is wrapped around her shoulders, and she also wears a dark cloth around her hips. Johannes (with a very faint halo), shown in a dark robe, has a red cloth tied around his back. Mary Magdalene, with a ring-shaped halo, is depicted in a light robe and a shawl in her right hand. Your left hand grabs the back of the cross. The Carthusian monk - it could be Bruno as the founder of the order, but there is disagreement in the literature - is shown in a wide Carthusian robe. His bald head can be seen through the hood that has slipped back. His hands are crossed in front of his chest, his eyes are on the floor. The background of the picture is shown in shades of brown in the first third. From the second third, the background is kept in dark colors without suggesting a landscape.
St. Bruno
The canvas painting St. Bruno was painted by Johann Friedrich Sichelbein between 1711 and 1714. It measures 177.5 × 101.5 centimeters and hangs on the north wall of the priestly choir.
Adoration of the Shepherds
The picture Adoration of the Shepherds was painted by Johann Friedrich Sichelbein in 1692. It is hung on the wall on the north wall of the priestly choir and measures 324 × 227 centimeters. The baby Jesus is shown in the center in the lower third of the picture. The naked child lies in a crib filled with straw and covered with a white sheet. Maria is sitting to the right of the crib. Her head, inclined towards the baby Jesus, is surrounded by a light halo like that of the child. Maria is dressed in white, has a dark cloth tied around her hips and a golden headscarf. Behind Mary stands dark-clad Joseph. He threw a golden cloth across his stomach over his elbows. The shepherds are grouped to the left around the Holy Family, the foremost is shown with a bare, muscular torso, his hands folded in prayer. His gaze is directed towards the baby Jesus lying in front of him. He is dressed in red trousers and a white kerchief around his hips. In front of him is a white sheep, to the left of him is a white dog with black spots. Behind the kneeling shepherd is a standing shepherd dressed in green and white. His right hand points towards the sky, his left hand holds a dark cap on his chest. He has gray hair and a long gray beard. His gaze is directed at Josef. Behind the standing shepherd is a female figure. You look back, into the background of the picture. To the right of the shepherd is another shepherd, dressed in white with a red cloak. His hair, sparse, is gray like his beard. He is holding a stick in his right hand and his eyes are on Josef. To the right and left of him are ox and donkey. A shepherdess kneels in front of him with a small child in her arms. The child looks at Jesus. A group of putti can be seen in the upper third above the scene. Three of the putti are holding a tape that says Gloria in Excelsis Deodorant . Overall, Sichelbein used extremely dark colors for the picture. Only the baby Jesus and Mary, as well as the group of putti above, stand out due to the bright colors. The picture is framed by Ignaz Waibel in a baroque frame .
St. Hugo of Lincoln
The canvas painting St. Hugo von Lincoln was painted between 1711 and 1714 by Johann Friedrich Sichelbein. It measures 178 × 89.5 centimeters and hangs on the north wall of the priestly choir.
St. Hugo of Grenoble
The canvas painting St. Hugo of Grenoble was painted between 1711 and 1714 by Johann Friedrich Sichelbein. It measures 177 × 101 centimeters and hangs on the north wall of the priestly choir.
Brother choir
In addition to the altar leaves, there are four more pictures and a modern Way of the Cross in the Brothers Choir.
Christ on the Mount of Olives
The picture Christ on the Mount of Olives was painted by Johann Georg Bergmüller in 1713/1714. It has the dimensions 178 × 101 centimeters. The picture, painted in dark tones, is on the western south wall of the Brothers Choir. Jesus is in the center of attention, his left hand stretched out forward, palm facing up. The right hand points down. He wears a red robe and a bluish cloak. His gaze, marked by inner pain, is directed backwards, at an angel standing behind him on the right. He is also dressed in red and also wears a dark cloth around his shoulders, which falls like a sash over his back and around his loins. He supports Jesus with his arms. A putti's head can be seen above Jesus' head. Behind his left shoulder, two other putti heads look over his shoulder. A goblet with a cross on top is depicted above this. A light emanates from the chalice, which extends over the entire upper half of the picture. The lower right corner of the picture is occupied by a stony hill, the upper third only by a dark, cloudy background, which is only illuminated by the light surrounding the chalice.
Christ before Kajaphas
The picture Christ before Caiaphas was painted by Johann Georg Bergmüller in 1713/14. It measures 178 × 101.5 centimeters and hangs in the east on the south wall of the brothers' choir. Kajaphas is shown at the top left of the picture. He wears a headgear that resembles a miter turned on its side . This headgear is decorated with a brooch on the forehead. He wears a wide robe, has a long gray beard, and his eyes are closed. His right hand grabs his chest, the left is stretched out forward and rests with the elbow on a desk on which the entire body rests. A knight dressed in black armor can be seen directly below the platform. His right hand is clenched in a fist and pointed upwards at an angle. The head is covered with a black helmet, the staring eyes look at the Jesus standing in front of him, who fills the entire right side from the second third. With his left hand the knight holds Jesus by the hair. Jesus himself is shown in a red robe with a blue cloak. His face looks down to the right edge of the picture, his eyes are closed. The hair on the head and the beard are brown. Jesus' hands are tied to a rope, which is held by a man depicted in red tones on the left half of the picture. Only the white headgear, the upper half of the face and his hands are clearly visible. Below and behind this man there are other people. The rear ones are only faintly visible, the lower ones were clearly shown by Bergmüller. Only the face and one hand of the person above can be seen. The hand points to a piece of paper which the person sitting under him has stretched on a board. This person, who is listening to the process, has his right hand on his right ear and the left on the right corner of the board.
Christ is shown to the people
The picture Christ is shown to the people was painted by Johann Georg Bergmüller in 1713/14. It measures 178 × 101.5 centimeters and hangs on the east side of the northern wall of the brothers' choir.
Christ at the Scourge Pillar
The picture Christ at the Scourge Column was painted by Johann Georg Bergmüller in 1713/14. It measures 178 × 101.5 centimeters and hangs on the west side of the northern wall of the brothers' choir. Christ is the only person in the picture shown in skin colors. His hands are tied to the turned flagellum column on the left edge of the picture. Christ's body is pulled backwards by people who are represented around him. To the right of him, at the very right edge of the picture, is a man who is only dressed in a reddish loincloth. His face and part of his upper body are, next to Jesus, the only light and natural-colored parts of the picture. The man slides into the picture from right to left. His head is raised slightly, his gaze goes straight to Christ. In his right hand he holds a stick or a scourge. He rested his left hand on his bent thigh. A soldier stands behind him. Above Jesus is another man who holds a whip in the air in his closed fist to strike. His gaze is also directed to Christ, his clothing is blue. Next to it on the left, under the right elbow, is another head of a man with a white turban, next to this on the far left edge of the picture is a soldier with a helmet. Other people are shown above the scene in different shades of red. On the far right is a man who is talking to a person behind him and turning his head in their direction, his hand pointing to Christ. A man stands next to him and looks in the same direction. Another person can be seen faintly behind and to the left of this.
Kreuzganglettner
On the Kreuzganglettner there are two altars with a total of four pictures.
literature
- Wolfgang Braunfels (Ed.): Lexicon of Christian Iconography . tape 1-8 (1968-1976) . Herder Verlag, Freiburg im Breisgau a. a., ISBN 3-451-22568-9 .
- The Buxheimer choir stalls . Contributions to the building and art history of the former Reich Charterhouse in Buxheim and the restoration of the choir stalls. In: Michael Petzet (Ed.): Workbooks of the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation . No. 66 . Munich 1994, ISBN 3-87490-569-1 .
- Tilmann Breuer: City and District of Memmingen . Bavarian art monuments. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1959, p. 81-87 .
- Gerg Dehio: Handbook of the German art monuments . Bavaria III: Swabia. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1989, ISBN 3-422-03008-5 , p. 223-226 .
- Günther Bayer: The Sichelbein family of painters, 1580–1758 . Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg 2003, ISBN 3-89870-142-5 .
- Michael Müller SDB: Kartausenführer: Buxheim. Carthusian church with choir stalls, parish church, Anna chapel, monks cell, cloister and museum . Self-published, Buxheim 1982.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ The Buxheim Choir Stalls , p. 82