Leonard Talmy
Leonard Talmy is an American linguist . He is Professor Emeritus of Linguistics and Philosophy at the University at Buffalo . He is a student of Dan Slobin and created space and process semantics with others.
Live and act
Leonard Talmy studied at the University of California, Berkeley , where he earned a BA in 1963 and a Ph.D. in 1972. His research area is cognitive linguistics , especially the typology and universals of the semantics of natural languages. He has focused his research on, among other things, American Indian languages and Yiddish .
On the foundations that were developed by Dan Slobin, Talmy founded a typological distinction of languages with regard to the lexicalization of movement events or states. For Talmy (2000) the following terms can be used to describe the basic concepts of locomotion scenes:
- Figure , which is expressed as a subject
- Ground or the reference object
- Motion or the motion event
- Path , which is followed in the course of the movement
- Men or fashion
Talmy took over the terms for figure and ground from Gestalt psychology , figure-ground-perception . The dichotomy of figure and background is an important syntactic principle for Talmy .
Verb-framed-languages | Satellite-framed-languages | ||
---|---|---|---|
French language | Spanish language | German language | English language |
Il entra en courant . | Entró corriendo . | He ran in . | He ran in . |
Elle traversa la rivière à la nage . | Atravesó el río a nado . | They carried swam the river. | She swam across the river. |
Descendez du train on the gauche. | Bajen del tren a la izquierda. | Get off the train on the left . | Step out of the train to the left. |
Il ouvrit la porte d'un coup de pied . | Abrió la puerta de una patada . | He pushed the door with his foot on . | He kicked the door open . |
J ' allume la lumière. | Prendo la luz. | I 'm the light on . | I turn the light on . |
J ' éteins la lumière. | Apago la luz. | I 'm the light of . | I turn the light off . |
Talmy distinguishes between two types of languages: " satellite-framed " (such as the German and English languages ) and "verb-framed languages" (such as the Spanish and French languages ), for which he coined the aforementioned terminology in the 1980s . Such a satellite would be in English z. B. "into" (with "He ran into the house."), An example of a verbal description would be "Il est entré à la maison en courant" in French. Here, an indication - "en courant" - describes and emphasizes the way of movement (running).
Works (selection)
- Toward a cognitive semantics. Vol. 1: Concept structuring systems. Vol. 2: Typology and process in concept structuring. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA 2000, ISBN 0-262-70097-2
- The Attention System of Language.
- Path to realization: A typology of event conflation. Berkeley Working Papers in Linguistics, (1991), pp. 480-519.
- Force Dynamics in Language and Cognition. COGNITIVE SCIENCE 12, 49-100 (1968) [1]
literature
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Wolfgang Wildgen: What is cognitive linguistics? Development and current trends. Lecture series "Interdisciplinary Linguistics" November 9, 2005
- ↑ Christa Dürscheid : Syntax: Basics and Theories. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2007, ISBN 3-525-26546-8 , p. 186
- ↑ Till Wörfel: How people move. Language and space between grammar and cognition. Linguistics in the Castle, IV. Workshop 'Raum', 18.-20. June 2010 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Raphael Berthele: Ort Und Weg = Verbal References to Objects in Space in Varieties of German, Rhaeto-Romanic, and French. Vol. 16 of Linguistics, Impulse & Tendencies, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2006, ISBN 3-1101-8879-1 , p. 25 f.
personal data | |
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SURNAME | Talmy, Leonard |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | American linguist, professor of linguistics and philosophy |
DATE OF BIRTH | around 1941 |