Leopoldo Nobili

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Leopoldo Nobili (born July 5, 1784 in Trassilico , † August 22, 1835 in Florence ) was an Italian physicist who developed a variety of electrical instruments.

Leopoldo Nobili

He first attended the military academy in Modena and became an artillery officer in Modena, Brescia and Reggio. He was awarded the Legion of Honor for his participation in Napoleon's Russian campaign .

He then decided to study physics, especially electrical phenomena. In 1825 he invented the astatic galvanometer , in which he balanced the earth's magnetic field, and which he presented in May at the Italian Society of Science in Modena.

Oersted and Fourier had already invented a thermopile made of antimony and bismuth in 1823 . In 1826, together with Macedonio Melloni , Nobili developed a new thermopile for measuring thermal radiation and called it thermomultiplier or electric thermoscope .

In 1826 he presented his Nobilischen rings : They are metal deposits as a result of an electrolytic reaction. To do this, two electrodes connected to a battery are immersed in a metal salt solution that is covered by a silver-plated copper plate. 55 years later this idea was picked up by Adrien Guébhard (1849–1924).

In 1832 he became professor of physics at the Grand Ducal Museum in Florence, where he carried out a large number of experiments on electromagnetic induction with director Vincenzo Antinori .

On April 1, 1833 he became a corresponding member of the Académie des sciences and on February 19, 1835 of the Prussian Academy of Sciences . The moon crater Nobili is named after him.

literature

  • Edvige Schettino:  Nobili, Leopoldo. In: Raffaele Romanelli (ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 78:  Natta – Nurra. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 2013.
  • Gino Tarozzi (Ed.): Leopoldo Nobili e la cultura scientifica del suo tempo . Bologna 1986

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ so in the DBI; August 5th: Bibliothèque universelle des sciences, belles-lettres, et arts: Sciences et arts . la Bibliothèque universelle, 1835, p. 221 ( limited preview in Google Book search). . According to other sources also August 15 or 23, 1835 Benjamin Vincent: A Dictionary of Biography - Past and Present ; P. 436
  2. ^ Museo Galileo - Institute and Museum of the History of Science: Leopoldo Nobili
  3. ^ The Hebrew University of Jerusalem: The Institute of Chemistry - History: Nobili
  4. ^ List of members since 1666: letter N. Académie des sciences, accessed on January 28, 2020 (French).

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Nobili, Leopoldo
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian physicist
DATE OF BIRTH July 5, 1784
PLACE OF BIRTH Trassilico
DATE OF DEATH August 22, 1835
Place of death Florence