Learning method

Learning methods are didactic measures that make learning more efficient. They make it easier to convey knowledge and skills in the form of skills , i. H. to acquire new skills (see also method (epistemology) , hermeneutics ). Learning methods can support, promote and optimize learning processes. It is important to maintain the motivation to learn new things, which is fed by curiosity , by combining different learning methods in the form of multi-dimensional learning and to put it at the service of the learning goal .

When choosing the appropriate learning methods, it is important to determine beforehand which learner type the learner belongs to and which learning objectives are to be achieved.

Like the teaching methods, the selected learning methods should also be based on the findings of learning psychology or educational psychology in order to be as successful as possible . This means that effective learning needs a long-term systematic structure. For this purpose, the desired learning objectives must be set precisely and the learning results achieved step by step must be checked by means of corresponding learning controls .

Learning psychology (and / or educational psychology) is fundamentally able to differentiate between efficient and less efficient learning methods. Of teachers and educators that they expected children or pupils good support under certain conditions using appropriate methods as possible.

Basic learning methods

• Learning through insight - the acquisition or restructuring of knowledge using cognitive skills (perceiving, imagining, reflecting, etc.).
• Multi-dimensional learning - a method of learning that connects a number of different skills for the acquisition process and combines them in different forms of learning.
• Project teaching (project learning) - a form of interdisciplinary, self-determined learning.
• Project- oriented teaching - a form of communication that opens up the subject-specific teaching towards project teaching in terms of content and method.
• Programmed lessons (programmed learning) - lessons in systematically structured, given small learning steps.
• Discovery learning - a method of independent knowledge acquisition.

Technical learning measures

• Mnemonics
• Loci method - special pictorial learning for extensive learning material
• Table of contents - prepare to organize learning material
• SQ3R method - read more efficiently
• Read fast
• Visualization
• Associogram (mind mapping)
• Spaced repetition , and as a variant of this, flash card and flash card software
• Hypnopedics - methods of learning while you sleep.
• Prepare excerpts (summaries)
• Group work - to learn from / with others
• Super learning
• Reinforcement (psychology) (reinforcement techniques) ( instrumental and operant conditioning )

See also

• Active listening
• Relaxation procedure
• Learning coaching

literature

• Hans Aebli: Basics of teaching: a general didactics on a psychological basis. Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 1993/2003.
• Helga Esselborn-Krumbiegel: Learning easier: strategies for exams and exams. 2nd Edition. Schöningh Verlag (UTB), Paderborn 2008, ISBN 978-3-8252-2755-5 .
• The Big Book of Learning Techniques: Increase Concentration. Train your memory. Apply learning strategies. Pass exams. Compact Verlag, 2005, ISBN 3-8174-7308-7 .
• Horst Küppers, Hermann Schulz, Peter Thiesen: Errweg learning field conception in the teacher training. In: small & large. Volume 12/2014, Verlag Oldenbourg, Munich 2014.
• WS Nicklis (Ed.): Programmed Learning . Bad Heilbrunn 1994.
• AM Strathmann, KJ Klauer: Learning process diagnostics: An approach to long-term learning progress measurement. In: Journal for Developmental Psychology and Educational Psychology. 42 (2010) pp. 111-122.
• Siegbert A. Warwitz: Learning objectives and learning controls in traffic education. In: Ders .: Traffic education from the child. Perceive-play-think-act. 6th edition. Schneider-Verlag, Baltmannsweiler 2009, ISBN 978-3-8340-0563-2 , pp. 23 and 26-28 f.

Web links

• Learning psychology
• Study Guide
• Platform for teaching content and learning processes
• Promoted thinking skills - ways to a better brain
• Article in the Berliner Tagesspiegel: Training for the memory: This is how you see the light

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Hans Aebli: Basics of teaching: a general didactics on a psychological basis. Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 1993/2003.
2. ↑ AM Strathmann, KJ Klauer: Learning progress diagnostics: An approach to long-term learning progress measurement. In: Journal for Developmental Psychology and Educational Psychology. 42 (2010), pp. 111-122.
3. ^ Siegbert A. Warwitz: Learning objectives and learning controls in traffic education. In: Ders .: Traffic education from the child. Perceive-play-think-act. 6th edition, Schneider-Verlag, Baltmannsweiler 2009, pp. 23 and 26-28 f.
4. ^ Siegbert Warwitz, Anita Rudolf: Project teaching. Didactic principles and models . Schorndorf 1977.
5. ^ Karl Frey: The project method . Weinheim / Basel 2002.
6. ↑ WS Nicklis (Ed.): Programmed Learning. Bad Heilbrunn 1994.