Song manuscript Langebek

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The song manuscript Langebek ( Danish Langebeks kvart , Langebeks Quarthandschrift) is a Danish song manuscript from the holdings of the Royal Library in Copenhagen (Det Kongelige Bibliotek, Ny kongelig samling, NKS 816 4 °). With its dating from around 1560 to around 1597, it is one of the oldest Danish song manuscripts from the time of the Danish Renaissance, along with the Heart Book (1553–1555) . Their stock of German-language song texts is particularly interesting for German research.

Emergence

The present manuscript is a composite manuscript that was bound together from different layers . The older part consists of a collection of Danish songs that Johann Wenstermand put together from around 1560 to around 1567.

From about 1570 the manuscript served as the pedigree of the noble relatives and acquaintances to Karen Gyldenstierne (1544-1613), with Holger Ottesen Rosenkrantz (1517-1575, including on 1565 Castle Boller was engaged in Central Jutland) and married him. 1568 The visitors to their townhouse in Copenhagen have each entered their name in the guest book with a song or had a scribe write it down and then often put their names, often with a motto and the like, "by hand". signed and sometimes also dated. Thanks to the “captions”, many of the people who sign a song text in a guest book can be easily identified. It is the circle of friends of the hostess Karen Gyldenstierne. What is striking in this part of the manuscript is the concentration on the years around 1580 to 1582 on the one hand, and an early document from 1567 on the other. Many of the best-known Danish noble families and people who were at the Danish court between 1580 and 1582, such as Trolle , Rud, Bille , Lindenov, Markdanner, Rosensparre, Brahe, Kaas, Gøye, von Ahlefeldt , Lange, Ulfeldt and others, are represented. a. The latest dates are from 1597.

content

In the Danish parts of the manuscript there are mainly folk ballads , some of which go back to the late Middle Ages, as well as love songs or folk songs . German song texts were added under Karen Gyldenstierne in the years around 1580. Together with the relatively early dating, this also makes this manuscript interesting for German song research. With the 71 German texts - in five cases there are duplicates of the same song type - this manuscript is also an interesting testimony to cross-border, interethnic song mediation. Even when compared to other European countries, it is unusual for popular lyrics to be written down at such an early stage. Especially for folk ballad research, such a prominent source of sources gave an important impetus to international folk ballad research at the beginning of the 19th century and in the beginning critical science around the middle of the 19th century. A first detailed description of the German part of the manuscript comes from Erik Kroman (1931).

The records document the often bilingual, Danish-German milieu of the Danish nobility. Young Danish aristocrats studied many times at German universities during their educational trips and stayed in Germany, and that is likely to be the main source for the origin of the songs: the repertoire of educated people in the middle of the 16th century. Linguistically, for example with the aristocratic woman Helvig Hardenberg (* 1540 in Arreskov, Funen; † 1599 in Odense), Low German also plays a role or the form in which a Danish-speaking person would write “German” at the time. For example, von Hardenberg's hand under the Danish song no. 82: "vas meyn Gatt wants the geesche alle ßeiitt Hellewiig Hardennbergtt meh" (= What my God wants, it happens always . Helvig Hardenberg with his own hand, probably registered in 1584). When transmitting text, it should be noted that the spelling of the time has not yet been standardized. Typical of the style of the handwriting is an entry like "so zeistu mein speigell der ogen" (= so show you [show] my eyes a mirror). This is also an indication that the song lyrics were not simply copied from a printed template, but that they were passed down orally , perhaps belonged to an active song treasure trove and were actually sung that way. The German parts of the manuscript in particular show strong signs of wear.

As a family and guest book you can compare it with the Low German-Dutch Darfeld song manuscript . It was written 1546–1565 and published in 1976 by Rolf W. Brednich. In the description of the manuscript as part of the Danish project “Dansk Folkevisekultur 1550-1700”, Otto Holzapfel created transcriptions for the previously unpublished German-language texts. The commentary was based on the documentation in the German Folk Song Archive (DVA) in Freiburg i. Br.

The dominant theme is “ courtly love ” and, as it is called in a song, “Vile Klaffer Zungen Zwatzen” (many yelping tongues chatter). A headline like in song No. 94 “A pretty song” could indicate that in addition to printed collections, cheap song pamphlets were used as a template for the texts. Such headings, e.g. For example, the German headline “Eynn reythers lidt” in a Danish folk ballad (song no. 66) is a fashion label of the time for a popular song. Many of the songs in Langebeks kvart are known, some are early and first-time records , and to some one has not yet been able to find any parallels. A trace of a possible original is the parallel to a music print by Peter Schöffer and Matthias Apiarius ', Strasbourg 1536. With the number 105 in Langebeks kvart , dated 1572, a striking series of song texts begins in broad agreement with the order in the print by Schöffer / Apiarius No. 4 ff. But even these texts were not copied word for word, but show variants that are more than, say, dictation and hearing errors.

The love songs correspond in content to courtly love . The process of advertising is glorified. Accordingly, most of the songs are formulated from a man's perspective. This includes the fact that “service” often appears as the focus of a song: It is the literary tradition of courtly ministry . The day song with the guard theme is also a traditional theme in the folk ballads, the other theme is the demand for the "secrecy" of the relationship (song No. 99, Str. 3: "secret love makes a good game" ). This is where the “yappers” mentioned above come into play, the “false tongues”, the bad gossip “of the people”. From the situation of the yapper z. Sometimes another focus, namely the demand for loyalty, usually the loyalty of the woman demanded by the man.

literature

  • Otto Holzapfel : "Langebeks kvart: The German songs in Langebek's quarto manuscript (about 1560–1590)". In: '' Svøbt i mår. Dansk Folkevisekultur 1550-1700 '', Volume 3, ed. by Flemming Lundgreen-Nielsen and Hanne Ruus. København: CA Reitzel, 2001, pp. 47–238 [compilation in four volumes in Danish, only this article in German].
  • Otto Holzapfel: List of songs. The older German-language popular song tradition . Online version (as of November 2018) on the homepage of the Folk Music Archive of the District of Upper Bavaria (in PDF format; further updates planned), own file "Liederhandschrift Langebek" (expanded and updated compared to the 2001 print).

Notes and individual references

  1. ^ Otto Holzapfel : List of songs. The older German-language popular song tradition . Online version (as of November 2018) on the homepage of the Volksmusikarchiv des Bezirks Oberbayern (in PDF format; further updates planned), own file "Liederhandschrift Langebek" with text transcriptions, comments and registers, expanded and supplemented compared to the print from 2001 . Authorized access via the aforementioned homepage; the pirated copy at docplayer.org from December 2018 / January 2019 violates copyright law.
  2. ↑ Extensive information on Karen Gyldenstierne, the Danish parts of this manuscript and the people named therein: Elisabet Holst: Som solen for andre små stjerner. Karen Gyldenstjerne - en renæssancekvinde . In: Svøbt i mår. Dansk Folkevisekultur 1550-1700 , Volume 4, København 2002, pp. 9-114.
  3. ^ Otto Holzapfel: The Danish Folkevise and its relationship to the German folk song . In: Handbuch des Volksliedes . Edited by Rolf W. Brednich et al., Volume 2, Munich 1975, pp. 339-358.
  4. ↑ Erik Dal: Nordisk folkeviseforskning siden 1800 . København 1956 (Universitets-Jubilæets Samfund, volume 376).
  5. ↑ Erik Kroman: A noble song manuscript from the court of Frederick II. In: Acta Philologica Scandinavica . 6. 1931. pp. 215-296.
  6. ↑ Helvig Hardenberg was Karen Gyldenstierne's sister-in-law as the widow of the Norwegian governor Erik Rosenkrantz, the brother of Holger Ottesen Rosenkrantz, Karen Gyldenstierne's husband.
  7. ^ Rolf Wilhelm Brednich : Die Darfelder Liederhandschrift 1546-1565 . Münster 1976 (writings of the Folklore Commission for Westphalia 23).
  8. ↑ Hanne Ruus: The research project 'Danish ballad culture 1550-1700' introduces itself . In: Yearbook for Folk Song Research . 41, 1996. pp. 109-111.
  9. ↑ The "Klaffer" or "Kläffer" is a well-known literary image for resentment, envy and defamation and typical of the German song texts of that time.