Boller Castle

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Boller Castle (2007)
Boller is located in the north of Bjerre Harde on Horsens Fjord.

Boller Castle (Danish: Boller Slot ) is a castle near Horsens in the east of the Midtjylland region on Jutland , the Danish part of the Cimbrian Peninsula . The Good was politically significant since its first mention from 1350 to 1930 owned, the respective kings of related nobles. The most prominent resident was Kirsten Munk , the divorced wife of King Christian IV. The current building dates back to the 16th century. It was redesigned in the 18th and again in the 20th century.

Name and location

The name Boller developed from the old Danish Boluer , which is composed of bol = tree trunk and ver = fishing place, so it denoted a settlement of fishermen in the forest. The castle is three kilometers east of Horsens close to the Horsens Fjord. The castle and the Baltic Sea are separated by a forest. Boller is located in the parish of Uth (Udt) in the north of Bjerre- Harde , which belongs to the Horsens municipality .

construction

Böller Castle is a four-winged, almost square castle complex made of red brick on a foundation of granite ashlars . The facades are simple with evenly arranged windows. The windows on the upper floor, in which the representative halls and living rooms of the former rule were located, are larger than those of the low rooms on the ground floor, which were previously used as workrooms. The building is surrounded by a moat on all sides . Access to the western main entrance is via a bridge. There is a narrow transition to the park on the east side.

The castle was rebuilt several times. The oldest visible component is the Gothic north wing from the first half of the 16th century. It is about one and a half meters higher than the other wings and has its own roof structure . Individual elements in the facade of the north wing as well as in the ballroom come from the material of a demolished medieval church, including two stones with faces next to the threshold of the door that leads from the inner courtyard to the north wing. In the basement of the north wing, the kitchen from the building time in the 16th century with a deep vault has been preserved in almost its original state. Façade elements from the Renaissance period have been preserved on the somewhat younger east wing .

The castle was renovated from 2015 to 2017 and divided into privately rented apartments. It is therefore not open to the public. While the exterior has hardly been changed, the old building elements in the interior have been adapted to today's demands for upscale living.

history

Otte Limbek, the first man from Boller

The Boller estate was mentioned for the first time in 1350. King Waldemar IV. Atterdag confirmed at that time "Otte Lembeck aff Boluer skødte" (= at Boller Castle ) the donation of the Vintenlund estate to the Benedictine monastery Voer. Otte Limbek was a follower of Counts Heinrich II. And Nikolaus von Holstein-Rendsburg , who claimed control over large parts of Jutland against Waldemar Atterdag. He came from the noble Holstein family Lembeck or Limbek, named after the place Lembeck near Rendsburg . The Limbek family had owned land near Horsens since the beginning of the 14th century. In 1313, Otte's uncle Markward defeated Limbek on the side of Erik VI. Menved put down a peasant revolt near Horsens. His cousin Claus, after whom the Lembecksburg on Föhr is said to be named, received Kalø Castle in 1340 as a pledge from the Holstein count Gerhard III. just before it fell at Randers . A little later he switched to Waldemar Atterdag.

Since when Otte Lembeck was owned by Boller or whether the property already belonged to his father Gotskalk († 1335) is not documented. During excavations in 1993 next to the north wing, the construction of a moat and a first structure from around 1350 could be proven. It can therefore be assumed that Otte Limbek built the first castle. Nothing is known about the appearance of this first castle. Since he was able to give away parts of his land, he must have owned Boller as property or allod . In addition, he had property near Schleswig , of which he donated land to the Nikolaikirche in Kappeln . Otte Limbek was last mentioned in 1365. There is no record of a son as a successor. A nephew named Hartvig Limbek is mentioned as heir.

Mogens and Anne Munk

Queen Margaret I.

In 1391 the knight Mogens Munk received land at Nebbegård as a pledge from Otte Limbeks nephew Hartvik. It was possibly Boller, because it is certain that Munk was the owner of Boller by 1400 at the latest. As an Imperial Councilor and one of the most powerful of Queen Margaret's advisors, Munk placed his seal under the Treaty of the Kalmar Union in 1397 . In 1406 he certified that the Queen had given him Bygholm Castle in Horsens and the surrounding area as a fief , plus Koldinghus including Vejle and Kolding . He fell in 1410 at the Battle of Sollerup in Denmark's battle against the Counts of Holstein for the Duchy of Schleswig . The queen then moved back into the fiefdom and also seized private property, which included jewelry, valuable clothing and furniture as well as Boller. Mogens' brother got the private property of the deceased to the widow Kirsten Thott and the three daughters.

Mogens Munk's youngest daughter Anne Munk († 1462) inherited Boller. She married Henrik Knudsen Gyldenstierne († 1456). As a knight and councilor, he supported Erik von Pomerania in the fight against the Hanseatic League and the Counts of Holstein. After Erik was deposed as King of Denmark, he also received a position on the council of Christoph III. The couple held royal property around Boller, including Bygholm, as pledge for life. After the death of her husband, Anne Munk was able to increase the fiefdom around the cities of Horsens and Vejle. Her only son Knud Gyldenstierne took over the Bygholm fiefdom from his mother in 1462, but died only a few years later.

Boller under the Rosenkrantz family

Erik Ottesen Rosenkrantz

Gravestone of Erik Rosenkrantz and Sophie Gyldenstierne in Hornslet Church

Anne Munk's eldest daughter Sophie Henriksdatter Gyldenstierne (1430–1487) married Erik Ottesen Rosenkrantz (~ 1427–1503) around 1451. In 1462 she inherited Boller from her mother. So the estate came into the ownership of the influential Rosenkrantz family , who owned it for 150 years. Erik Rosenkrantz was in the favor of King Christian I , who was about the same age . He supported his claims on Sweden and Norway as well as Schleswig and Holstein both militarily and diplomatically. 1452 he was appointed Imperial Council and already in 1456 for Reichshof champion promoted to the highest office after the king. He held this office until the death of Christian I in 1481. At the end of the 1450s he led a feud between some East Jutian nobles against Jens Iversen Lange, the Bishop of Aarhus , through which the bishop lost control of the city of Aarhus . He later led further feuds, partly against rival landowners and partly against political competitors. He himself was the richest Danish noble landowner of his time, even when King Hans confiscated some of the fiefs his father had given him. Erik Ottesen and Sophie Henriksdatter had 17 children, 13 of whom reached adulthood, but only four survived their father.

Anne Meinstrup and the Count Feud

Gravestone of Holger Eriksen and his son Otte Holgersen Rosenkrantz in the church in Hornslet

The son Holger Eriksen Rosenkrantz received Boller as heir during his father's lifetime. He died in 1496 before his father on his return from a trip to Gotland, after which the inheritance was passed on to his children. His second wife Anne Meinstrup managed Boller in addition to her own property. From this period (1499) comes a list of the lands belonging to Boller, according to which the ten villages Uth, Ustrup, Nedergaard, Sejet, Dagnæs, Tyrsted, Torsted, Hatting, Bottrup and Lystrup, together with arable land, forests and three mills belonged to the estate . At the latest after Anne Meinstrup became court master of Queen Christina , Niels Eriksen Rosenkrantz, one of the brothers of her deceased husband, took over the administration of Boller in addition to the guardianship of his nephews and nieces.

In 1516 Otte Holgersen Rosenkrantz, Holger Eriksen's son from his first marriage, took over the estate. However, in the turmoil of the times during the deposition of Christian II, he rarely stayed there. He died of the plague in Lübeck in 1525, leaving behind several underage children, for whom Anne Meinstrup's son Holger Holgersen managed the estate. Holger Holgersen, as a feudal lord of Koldinghus and later of Nykøbing Falster, was also hardly on Boller. In August 1534 the fortified manor house was besieged by the peasant army of the skipper Clement in connection with the feud of the counts . During excavations in 1993, traces of fire were found, which suggest that the house was at least partially burned down. Holger Holgersen was killed in action against the peasant army in October of the same year. Anna Meinstrup was murdered near Ringsted in 1535 .

New construction of Schloss Boller under Holger Ottesen Rosenkrantz and Karen Gyldenstierne

The south wing of Boller probably originally looked similar to the manor house of Rosenvold.
The church of Uth, whose patrons were the owners of Boller.

Holger Eriksen's eldest grandson, Holger Ottesen Rosenkrantz (1517–1575), took over the estate in 1537 and had the house rebuilt. This new building is the current north wing. For the building, which was built in the Gothic style , material from the demolished Romanesque church of Sejer (or Sejt), which can still be seen in the hall today, was used. 1541/43 he was by King Christian III. appointed Reichsrat and Reichsmarschall . After his marriage to Mette Krognos († 1558) in 1548, Holger Ottesen officially settled on Boller. However, he rarely stayed there, but lived at Vordingborg Castle , which he had as a fief between 1542 and 1551, or traveled on behalf of the king. In 1551 he paid off his siblings. As the sole owner of Gut Boller, he had the manor house enlarged into a castle: the south wing was built opposite the previous house, today's north wing. The initially independent house had two side towers. The two oldest houses were probably connected by two walls that formed an inner courtyard. The south wing with its side towers originally looked similar to the manor house that Holger Rosenkrantz had built around 1770 in Rosenvold near Randers in the south of Bjerre-Harde instead of an old castle complex. He united the villages of Tyrsted, Ustrup, Uth and Nedergård, which belong to Boller, under one jurisdiction to form Boller Birk . He forced the peasants of these villages into serfdom . In the same year 1551 he took over Bygholm as a fiefdom, which he kept until the end of his life. He also held several other fiefs, including the Øm monastery , which was secularized during the Reformation in 1560 , but King Friedrich II had it demolished in 1561. Skanderborg Castle , which Rosenkrantz received as a fiefdom in 1561, was built in the remains of the monastery . In 1564, Holger Ottesen founded a hospital in the secularized monastery of Horsens . On Boller, Holger Rosenkrantz also received King Friedrich II in November 1560.

Holger Ottesen did not have an heir from his first marriage. In 1565 he got engaged to the young Karen (Karine) Gyldenstierne (1544-1613). In the same year he was given the right to use the building material left over from the construction of the castle in Skanderborg from the abandoned monastery. With this the west wing of Boller was built. In December 1567, King Friedrich II visited Boller a second time. After the wedding in 1568, Holger Ottesen and his young wife settled in Skanderborg. Karen kept a record book that has been preserved as the Langebek song manuscript . They had four sons.

In 1575 Holger Ottesen Rosenkrantz died on Bygholm. His fiefs fell back to the crown. His widow withdrew to the private property in Boller and continued the construction work. First she let Rosenvold finish it. She then had Boller's east wing built in the Renaissance style. It bears an inscription that proves that it was built by Holger Rosenkrantz's widow Karen Gyldenstierne in 1588. The facade of this wing has been preserved in the original towards the inner courtyard. There was an octagonal stair tower in the courtyard . Inside, the building wings were not connected. A farm yard was built next to the castle. Karen Gyldenstierne enlarged the property . She set up her widow's residence at Stjernholm Castle for herself in the abandoned St. Hans monastery near Horsens, which her husband had bought shortly before his death. There she was accused in 1596 by Johann Rud, the landlord in neighboring Møgelkær, of having bewitched his young wife, Anne Hardenberg, who was suffering from pregnancy depression . In 1592 her eldest son Otte Christoffer Rosenkrantz (1569–1621) Boller took over. He never held a public office. He wasted the inheritance with speculation and a lavish lifestyle. He sold Stjernholm to the Crown in 1616. His children also had to sell the Boller and Rosenvold estates, including the entire inventory, in order to pay off the enormous debts of around 100,000 speciestalers . His younger brother, the well-traveled bon vivant Frederik Rosenkrantz (1571-1602), and his cousin Knud Gyldenstierne became the models for the characters Rosencrantz and Guildenstern in Shakespeare's Hamlet when they visited England in 1592 on their cavalier journey.

Karen Gyldenstierne had the new church planned by her husband built as a burial place for him and her family in 1575-77 instead of the medieval church in which the ancestors were buried and donated the altar. Holger Ottesen Rosenkrantz, his two wives and the daughters from their first marriage are buried there in the burial chapel. On the tomb created by the sculptor Gert van Groningen, who worked for the king in Skanderborg, Holger Rosenkrantz is shown between Mette Krognos and Karen Gyldenstierne, the daughters who died prematurely from their first marriage at the feet of their mother. The epitaph for Holger Rosenkrantz shows him with his second wife and four sons, two of whom died in childhood. After the Rosenkrantz family no longer owned Boller, most of the other coffins and gravestones of the family members buried in Uth were transferred to the Hornslet church near Rosenholm Castle .

Ellen Marsvin and Kirsten Munk

Kirsten Munk lived in Boller from 1630 to 1658.

New owner was 1621 Ellen Marsvin , the wealthy widow of the governor of Norway, Ludvig Munk, and mother in law of King Christian IV. Due to the morganatic marriage of their daughter Kirsten Munk with the king, she enjoyed great influence at the court. She bought goods from aristocrats in debt on a large scale and thus became the largest landowner in Denmark. In the purchase of Boller and Rosenvold, however, she possibly acted as the king's straw man , because the king was prohibited from acquiring aristocratic property due to his festivities . Boller was supposed to serve as a Wittum for Kirsten Munk . Since the king himself was heavily in debt because of his wars, not least with his mother-in-law, she initially received the rights to the estate complex. In 1623, Ellen Marsvin received her royal son-in-law there.

In 1628 Kirsten Munk betrayed the king and tried to flee to Sweden with her lover. After the divorce , the king had Ellen Marsvin hand over Boller and Rosenvold to her daughter in 1630. Ellen Marsvin expressed anger at her daughter by leaving her house completely empty. When she arrived on April 13, 1630, Kirsten Munk found an empty pantry and not even a blanket, as she complained to Morten Madsen, the Bishop of Aarhus, in a letter. Kirsten Munk lived until the end of her life in the castles belonging to her estate, some of them under strict house arrest . In 1635 she was even imprisoned for some time on the royal estate of Stjernholm because the king accused her of wanting to poison him. She set up the east wing of Schloss Boller as her apartment. Received lists of food deliveries, including expensive spices and wines, to her court and an inventory of her possessions show that she lived a life of luxury there. Christian IV did not see her again. Shortly before his death in 1648, however, he legitimized her marriage and thus guaranteed her the right to her widow's seat. In 1649 she inherited her mother's fortune and enlarged the estate through further land purchases. Her uncle Otte Marsvin took over the management of the estate. Grain exports guaranteed their prosperity. Around 1652 she set up a Dutch factory . According to a directory she created herself, 225 farms and 46 craftsmen's houses in Bjerre- and Hatting-Harde belonged to the large property. In the Torstensson War (1643–1645) and Second Northern War (1657–1660), enemy troops also plundered the land belonging to Boller, and in 1658/59 a plague epidemic struck the area. Kirsten Munk made foundations for a hospital in Uth and the monastery church of Horsens.

Kirsten Munk died in 1658. After her death, the manor district remained in the possession of her children. In 1663, Corfitz Ulfeldt , the husband of her daughter Leonora Christina , was convicted of high treason. King Friedrich III. then confiscated all of the family's goods and sold them on. The Hamburg-based merchants Albert Baltzer Berns and his father-in-law Leonhard Marselis received Boller from the royal fortune together with the secularized Mariager monastery as compensation for the debts of Kirsten Munk's son Waldemar Christian to Schleswig and Holstein . The Marselis family had fled the Netherlands because of their Calvinist beliefs and in the mid-17th century they assumed a leading role as financiers of the Danish king.

Owned by the feudal counts of Friisenborg

Mogens Friis

Baltzer Berns and Marselis sold the estate in the following year 1664 to Mogens Friis (1623–1675). He grew up in the house of the scholar Holger Rosenkrantz , a grandson of Otte Holgersen Rosenkrantz. From the mid-1640s he was a diplomat in the Danish service, most recently as a privy councilor and canon of Aarhus . In 1672 King Christian V awarded him the newly created title of liege count . His property Friisenborg was made a feudal county. Gut Boller remained in his family until 1930. As it was only one of many properties owned by the family, it was not permanently inhabited. At times it served as a widow's residence .

Anna Sophie von Reventlow

Mogens' son Niels married Christine Sophie von Reventlow (1672–1757), a daughter of Chancellor Conrad von Reventlow . He died in 1699. She married Ulrich Adolph von Holstein (1664–1737) for the second time . Boller remained under their administration. She donated a new pulpit for the church in Uth. In 1711 her younger sister Anna Sophie von Reventlow became the lover of King Friedrich IV. Since the king was married, the couple fled from the royal court and spent the summer of 1712 at Boller. In nearby Skanderborg they married on their left hand. After the death of his first wife Louise zu Mecklenburg (1667-1721) Anna Sophie von Reventlow was officially Queen of Denmark until the death of King Friedrich in 1730.

Christian von Friis zu Friisenborg (1691–1763) inherited the property after the early death of his father in 1699, but rarely stayed on the estate. He embarked on a military career in the Danish and imperial service, which he continued after the end of the Great Northern War . With his wife Öllegaard von Gersdorf (1687–1734) he had five daughters, but no son, and was thus the last male representative of his gender. In 1759 he began the fundamental renovation of the castle, which his son-in-law Erhard von Wedel-Friis continued after his death until 1769. The south and north wings were lengthened to create a unified western front. The west wing was completely re-performed. The wings were given a continuous roof and a uniform, simple facade to the outside, while the facades of the north and east wings were retained in the inner courtyard. Towers, stair tower and stepped gable disappeared. A representative staircase led to the ballroom on the upper floor of the north wing. A baroque garden was laid out in front of it. The stairwell was relocated inside and the individual wings were connected to one another by wall openings. The representative rooms were furnished with stucco , ceiling paintings and wallpaper and refurnished according to contemporary tastes. The chimneys from the Renaissance period have been replaced by modern stoves. As can be seen in contemporary illustrations, the castle was plastered white. The farm yard was also enlarged. Erhard von Wedel-Friis also had the church in Uth renovated.

After Erhard von Wedel-Friis and his wife Christine Sophie had died childless, Christine Sophie's younger sister Elisabeth Sophie (1714–1799), also childless widow of the land reformer and dike builder Jean Henri Desmercières , inherited the estate and the county in 1787 . Before moving in with her own furniture in Boller, she held an auction in 1788 at which the previous furnishings were sold. The auction list enables a reconstruction of the facility before 1788, which also included individual items from Kirsten Munk's time. She pushed through reforms on Boller. From 1781 serfdom was abolished, and in 1788 the coupling was carried out on the Boller lands . In 1791 most of the land was given to a total of 338 tenants. The tenants' obligation to perform manual and tensioning services on the fields directly belonging to the estate remained in place until 1850. Elisabeth Sophie Friis-Desmercières lived on Boller until her death in 1799.

Boller Castle, lithograph after a painting by Ferdinand Richardt (1819–1895) from 1844.

Then ownership passed to Elisabeth Sophie's great-nephew Liege Count Friedrich Karl Krag-Juel-Vind-Frijs (1753–1815), the grandson of the next younger sister, Brigitte Christine, who died in 1774. His widowed mother Sophie Magdalene Krag-Juel-Vind-Frijs (1734-1810) settled on Boller. There she received distinguished guests, including the Russian princess Katharina Pavlovna . The landscape reforms were continued, several farms were divided up and an orchard was created in addition to the vegetable and herb garden, which has always supplied the farm kitchen. The garden was designed as an English landscape garden with exotic trees. A 750-meter-long avenue of lime trees ran through the garden and forest to the sea.

After the Danish bankruptcy of 1813 , which drove many farmers to bankruptcy , Jens Christian Krag-Juel-Vind-Frijs (1779–1860) bought numerous indebted leaseholds. In 1844 he integrated Boller into the county of Frijsenborg. In the same year he had the loft, which had been uninhabited for a long time, rebuilt. The south wing was divided into three guest apartments, the walls were painted and the rooms were redesigned. These renewals came before the visit of King Christian VIII , who was on a journey through Jutland with Queen Caroline Amalie , Crown Prince Friedrich and a large entourage of 84 people and who stayed on Boller for two weeks in September 1844. On September 18, the king's birthday was celebrated in Boller's garden. On the occasion of the royal visit, Ferdinand Richardt painted the castle.

In 1849 the new constitution passed the feudal counties into Krag-Juel-Vind-Frijs' private property. He moved into Boller as his retirement home. In the following years he and his son Christian Emil Krag-Juel-Vind-Frijs (1817-1896) sold part of the land to the former tenants. Even so, the family remained the largest landowner in Denmark. After the German-Danish War, Christian Emil Krag-Juel-Vind-Frijs was responsible for drafting the new constitution as Minister of State from 1865. In 1870 he left the government and settled at Boller Castle. He was the last resident of the Friis family. He put on a sawmill and a tree nursery , which his son Mogens Krag-Juel-Vind-Frijs (1848-1923) expanded.

Since 1930

In 1930 Mogen's daughter, Agnes Louise Krag-Juel-Vind-Friis, sold Boller to the Danish state. The property was divided. The forest and park belong to the "Boller Statsskovdistrikt" and are open to the public. The arable land was parceled out and sold to farmers. In 1937, part of the thatched courtyard buildings, some of which were still built in the 16th century, burned down and were not rebuilt.

The castle, which has been uninhabited since 1896, was bought by the Skanderborg health insurance company , which set up a care facility for convalescents there. The building was converted to meet the needs of around 50 patients and nursing staff. The bedrooms and common rooms of the patients received linoleum flooring. The outside staircase to the garden was torn down. However, the furnishings and decoration have largely been preserved. From 1965 to 2012 the Horsens municipality operated a nursing home with 27 places in the castle . Schloss Boller has been privately owned since 2015, was renovated until 2017 and divided into individual apartments.

park

The park, which is surrounded by a wall, is freely accessible in the summer months. It only includes a fraction of the site from 1800. In the park there is one of the thickest oaks in Denmark, the so-called Margaret Oak , which is said to date from the Viking Age . Hiking trails lead through the forest to the fjord and the old mill.

literature

  • P. Westergård: Boller. In: Danske slotte og herregårde. Volume 15: Fra Århus til Kolding. , 1967, p. 183 ff.
  • Annette Hoff: Boller Slot i 650 år: in god history om men, magt and muld ved Horsens Fjord. o. O. 2012, ISBN 978-87-89531-37-3 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ card Frems Amtskort over Danmark (c. 1897-1904)
  2. ↑ A. Hoff: Boller Slot i 650 år. 2012, p. 15.
  3. ↑ Pictures from the north wing 1
  4. ↑ a b pictures of the north wing 2 .
  5. ↑ A. Hoff: Boller Slot i 650 år. 2012, p. 11.
  6. ↑ Limbek, Slægten .
  7. ↑ a b A. Hoff: Boller Slot i 650 år. 2012, p. 19.
  8. ↑ A. Hoff: Boller Slot i 650 år. 2012, p. 21.
  9. ↑ Nebbegård .
  10. ↑ A. Hoff: Boller Slot i 650 år. 2012, p. 21.
  11. ^ Poul Enemark: Henrik Knudsen Gyldenstierne . In: Svend Cedergreen Bech , Svend Dahl (eds.): Dansk biografisk leksikon . Founded by Carl Frederik Bricka , continued by Povl Engelstoft. 3. Edition. tape 5 : Frille – Hanssen . Gyldendal, Copenhagen 1980, ISBN 87-01-77403-4 (Danish, biografiskleksikon.lex.dk ).
  12. ^ William Christensen: Rosenkrantz, Erik Ottesen . In: Dansk biografisk Leksikon. 1st edition. Volume XIV, pp. 202-204.
  13. ↑ Jeppe Büchert Netterstrøm: Erik Ottesen (Rosenkrantz), from 1427 to 1503 on danmarkshistorien.dk.
  14. ↑ A. Hoff: Boller Slot i 650 år. 2012, pp. 40-43.
  15. ^ Poul Colding: Holger Rosenkrantz . In: Svend Cedergreen Bech , Svend Dahl (eds.): Dansk biografisk leksikon . Founded by Carl Frederik Bricka , continued by Povl Engelstoft. 3. Edition. tape 12 : Rasmussen – Scavenius . Gyldendal, Copenhagen 1982, ISBN 87-01-77482-4 (Danish, biografiskleksikon.lex.dk ).
  16. ↑ One of his siblings was Jørgen Ottesen Rosenkrantz (1523–1596), the owner of Rosenholm Castle and the father of Holger Rosenkrantz .
  17. ↑ A. Hoff: Boller Slot i 650 år. 2012, p. 72.
  18. ↑ Rosenvold (Danish).
  19. ↑ A. Hoff: Boller Slot i 650 år. 2012, p. 74.
  20. ↑ A. Hoff: Boller Slot i 650 år. 2012, pp. 78–80.
  21. ↑ a b Boller Slot History (Danish); accessed on March 15, 2018.
  22. ↑ Jens Villiam Jensen: Karen Gyldenstierne (1544-1613) . In: Dansk Kvindebiografisk Leksikon. (Danish).
  23. ↑ A. Hoff: Boller Slot i 650 år. 2012, p. 121.
  24. ^ Henry Bruun: Frederik Rosenkrantz . In: Svend Cedergreen Bech , Svend Dahl (eds.): Dansk biografisk leksikon . Founded by Carl Frederik Bricka , continued by Povl Engelstoft. 3. Edition. tape 12 : Rasmussen – Scavenius . Gyldendal, Copenhagen 1982, ISBN 87-01-77482-4 (Danish, biografiskleksikon.lex.dk ).
  25. ↑ a b Uth Kirke (Danish).
  26. ↑ Birgitte B. Johannsen, Chr. Axel Jensen: Gert van Groningen . In: Svend Cedergreen Bech , Svend Dahl (eds.): Dansk biografisk leksikon . Founded by Carl Frederik Bricka , continued by Povl Engelstoft. 3. Edition. tape 5 : Frille – Hanssen . Gyldendal, Copenhagen 1980, ISBN 87-01-77403-4 (Danish, biografiskleksikon.lex.dk ).
  27. ^ Tomb and epitaph
  28. ↑ History of the Church of Hornslet (Danish).
  29. ^ Leon Jaspersen: Ellen Marsvin in: Dansk Kvindebiografisk Leksikon (Danish).
  30. ↑ A. Hoff: Boller Slot i 650 år. 2012, p. 127f.
  31. ↑ A. Hoff: Boller Slot i 650 år. 2012, p. 131.
  32. ^ Leon Jespersen: Kirsten Munk (1598-1658) in the Dansk Kvindebiografisk Leksikon.
  33. ↑ A. Hoff: Boller Slot i 650 år. 2012, p. 132.
  34. ↑ A. Hoff: Boller Slot i 650 år. 2012, p. 210.
  35. ↑ A. Hoff: Boller Slot i 650 år. 2012, p. 135.
  36. ↑ Erik Amburger: The Marselis Family: Studies on Russian Economic History ( Eastern European Studies at the Universities of the State of Hesse , Series I. Volume 4), Giessen 1957.
  37. ^ CO Bøggild-Andersen: Mogens Friis . In: Svend Cedergreen Bech , Svend Dahl (eds.): Dansk biografisk leksikon . Founded by Carl Frederik Bricka , continued by Povl Engelstoft. 3. Edition. tape 4 : Dons – Frijsh . Gyldendal, Copenhagen 1980, ISBN 87-01-77392-5 (Danish, biografiskleksikon.lex.dk ).
  38. ↑ A. Hoff: Boller Slot i 650 år. 2012, p. 169f.
  39. ↑ A. Hoff: Boller Slot i 650 år. 2012, pp. 172-177.
  40. ↑ A. Hoff: Boller Slot i 650 år. 2012, pp. 178-187.
  41. ↑ A. Hoff: Boller Slot i 650 år. 2012, pp. 199-205.
  42. ↑ Presentation of the painting on the NDR broadcast Lieb & Teuer on July 2, 2017.
  43. ↑ A. Hoff: Boller Slot i 650 år. 2012, p. 237.
  44. ↑ A. Hoff: Boller Slot i 650 år. 2012, pp. 191–193.
  45. ↑ A. Hoff: Boller Slot i 650 år. 2012, pp. 230. 234-246.
  46. ↑ A. Hoff: Boller Slot i 650 år. 2012, p. 419.
  47. ^ Boller building (Danish).
  48. ↑ A. Hoff: Boller Slot i 650 år. 2012, p. 492.
  49. ↑ Renovering af Boller Slot er færdig: Få et kig ind i de three største herskabslejligheder . In: Aarhus Stiftstidende. October 4, 2017 (Danish; with illustrations).
  50. ^ Boller Castle Gardens

Coordinates: 55 ° 50 ′ 15 ″  N , 9 ° 53 ′ 48 ″  E