Line of Control

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De facto division of Kashmir: In green the Pakistani-controlled areas of Gilgit-Baltistan in the north and Asad Jammu and Kashmir in the south. In orange the former state of Jammu and Kashmir controlled by India ; the hatched area to the east, Aksai Chin , is under Chinese control.

The Line of Control ( LoC ) is a demarcation line that marks the actual border between two military or police controlled territories .

Designations

The term "Line of Control" refers to the 740 km long military control line between India and Pakistan in the Kashmir region . Originally known as the "Armistice Line" of the First Indo-Pakistani War (First Kashmir War) 1947-49, this LoC was established after the Armistice of the Bangladesh War ( Third Indo-Pakistani War ) of December 17, 1971 and the Shimla Agreement of December 2 , 1971 . Renamed July 1972. India calls its part of the disputed territory Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh and the part under Pakistani control "Pakistani-occupied Kashmir" ( Pakistan-occupied Kashmir , PoK), while Pakistan calls this part " Azad Jammu and Kashmir " (German: Free Kashmir ) calls and the under Indian control "Indian-occupied Kashmir" ( Indian-occupied Kashmir , IoK).

The armistice line between India and the People's Republic of China in Aksai Chin is known as the Line of Actual Control (LAC). There were suggestions in the Indian press to normalize the LoC into an internationally binding border between India and Pakistan, which, however, contradicts the official policy of both the Indian government and the Pakistani government. India and Pakistan continue to claim sovereignty over the entire territory of the Kashmir Province.

Wars

The LoC has been the scene of wars between India and Pakistan on several occasions ( 1948 , 1965 and 1971 ). With the Shimla Agreement , the LoC was carefully surveyed and mapped by a joint Pakistani-Indian military commission and effectively recognized as a border. In April 1984, Indian helicopters first dropped soldiers in the Siachen conflict on the Siachen glacier in order to secure access to the Leh valley belonging to Ladakh , whereupon Pakistan also dropped troops on the glacier. The Shimla Agreement ends at the coordinates NJ9842 on the edge of the Siachen Glacier about 100 km from the Chinese border. Most recently, the Kargil War between the two successor states of British India was fought via the LoC in 1999 , when irregulars invaded the Indian part and carried out a series of heavy attacks. There are always artillery duels between India and Pakistan along the LoC. In parts, a fence forms the LoC, which runs through a plain that has been made fertile in part by irrigation. The old irrigation canals were cut several times by the LoC. The United Nations has had an observer mission ( UNMOGIP ) in the border area since 1949 .

Travel connections

For the first time in decades, the two states had started a weekly bus connection via the LoC, which was closed again in 2001 after a series of attacks and only resumed in 2005.

See also

Web links