Lingulodinium polyedra

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Lingulodinium polyedra
Lingulodinium polyedra, side view at 900x magnification

Lingulodinium polyedra , side view at 900x magnification

Systematics
without rank: Sar
without rank: Alveolata
without rank: Dinoflagellates (Dinoflagellata)
Family : Gonyaulaceae
Genre : Lingulodinium
Type : Lingulodinium polyedra
Scientific name
Lingulodinium polyedra
( F. Stein ) JDDodge
Bioluminescence of Lingulodinium polyedra in the surf of Solana Beach, California

Lingulodinium polyedra (synonyms: Gonyaulax polyedra , Lingulodinium polyedrum ) is an autotrophic , marine, thecate dinoflagellate thatis capable of bioluminescence . With mass reproduction, this organism cantriggera red tide .

The German Botanical Society has Lingulodinium polyedra to Alga of the Year nominated, 2013.

features

Lingulodinium polyedra cells are angular and roughly pentagonal in shape. The size of the cells is 40–54 µm in length and 37–53 µm in diameter. There is neither an apical horn nor antapical spines (comparison with Ceratium ). The thecal plates are thick. Thickened edges are formed along the plate boundaries. L. polyedra has orange-brown chloroplasts that contain the unusual carotenoid peridinin . The nucleus is C-shaped, there is also a pulsating vacuole and luminescent scintillons . Lingulodinium polyedra is associated with the poison saxitoxin , which can cause mussel poisoning in humans if the toxin is enriched by mussels.

Dinocysts

If living conditions become unfavorable, for example during the collapse of a plankton bloom, L. polyedra can develop permanent stages. The cysts of Lingulodinium polyedra are more or less round to ellipsoidal. The hard shell breaks rather than deforms. The surface is grainy and covered with many long, pointed, dagger-shaped appendages. The cysts can fossilize and be used for biostratigraphy . Fossilized cysts of L. polyedra have been reported since the Upper Paleozoic .

Taxonomy

The species was described by Friedrich von Stein in 1883 as Gonyaulax polyedra . The type specimen comes from the port of Kiel. 1989 John D. Dodge put the species as Lingulodinium polyedrum in the genus Lingulodinium . However , according to AlgaeBase, the specific epithet is a non-declinable noun , so the name has to be corrected to Lingulodinium polyedra .

Bioluminescence

Lingulodinium polyedra can produce intense bioluminescence when multiplied in warm coastal waters . Such mass increases (red tide) were observed, for example, off San Diego (southern California ) or in the Adriatic , with cell densities of up to 2 × 10 ^ 7 cells per liter. The source of bioluminescence are specialized organelles, the scintillions. These emit a short flash of light when the cell is mechanically or chemically stimulated.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Lingulodinium polyedrum makes the sea shine . Press release of the Phycology Section of the German Botanical Society (DBG) eV from January 2, 2013.
  2. ^ Dodge, JD (1985). Atlas of Dinoflagellates. Farrand Press, London. 119 pp.
  3. ^ Dodge, JD (1989). Some revisions of the family Gonyaulacaceae (Dinophyceae) based on a scanning electron microscope study. Bot. Mar. 32:289.
  4. ↑ a b Bruno, M., PMB Gucci, E. Pierdominici, A. Ioppolo & L. Volterra (1990). Presence of saxitoxin in toxic extracts from Gonyaulax polyedra. Toxicon : 28: 1113-1116.
  5. ^ Deflandre, G. and Cookson, IC, (1955). Fossil microplankton from Australian Late Mesozoic and Tertiary sediments. Aust. J. Mar Freshw. Res. 6, 242-313.
  6. ^ Edwards, LE, Goodman, DK, and Witmer, RJ (1984) Lower Tertiary (Pamunkey Group) dinoflagellate biostratigraphy, Potomac River area, Virginia and Maryland. In: Frederiksen, NO, and Krafft, K. (eds.), Cretaceous and Tertiary stratigraphy, paleontology, and structure, southwestern Maryland and northeastern Virginia — Field trip volume and guide book. American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation, Dallas, Texas, p. 137-152.
  7. ↑ Heilamnn-Clausen, C. (1985) Dinoflagellate stratigraphy of the uppermost Danian to Ypressian in the Viborg 1 borehole, central Jylland, Denmark. Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse, Series A, 7: 1-69.
  8. ↑ Michael D. Guiry, GM Guiry: Gonyaulax polyedra In: Algaebase - World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway , accessed November 24, 2019.
  9. ↑ Michael D. Guiry, GM Guiry: Lingulodinium polyedra In: Algaebase - World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway , accessed November 24, 2019.
  10. ↑ Kofoid, CA (1911). Dinoflagellata of the San Diego region, IV. The genus Gonyaulax, with notes on its skeletal morphology and a discussion of its generic and specific characters. Univ. Cal. Publ. Zool. 8: 187-269.
  11. ↑ Allen, WE (1921). Preliminary statistical studies of marine phytoplankton of the San Diego region, California. Proc. First Pan.-Pac. Sci. Conf. 1: 537-554.
  12. ↑ Marasovic, I. (1989). Encystment and excystment of Gonyaulax polyedra during a red tide. Est. Coast. Shelf Sci. 28: 35-41.

Web links

Commons : Lingulodinium polyedra  - collection of images, videos and audio files