Systematics of the bumblebees

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The systematics of the bumblebees includes the relationships and the taxonomy of the bumblebees ( bombus ). The bumblebee species occurring worldwide are listed. The list follows the current phylogenetic knowledge .

Within the bees, the bumblebees belong to the group of cup collectors , a monophyletic group to which the honeybees also belong. The phylogenetic structure within the group has not yet been satisfactorily clarified, so according to the current state of research it cannot be said which is the sister group of the bumblebees.

The bumblebees themselves are divided into several sub-genera, but it is difficult to differentiate them from one another because the bumblebees have a very uniform body structure. The cuckoo bumblebees of the subgenus Psithyrus have been split off as a separate genus by many authors . Phylogenetic studies indicate, however, that deviations in the body structure of the cuckoo bumblebees can only be interpreted as adaptations to the way of life.

Subgenus Alpigenobombus

Mountain forest bumblebee on verbena

Subgenus Alpinobombus

Subgenus bombias

Subgenus Bombus sensu stricto

Pale yellow bumblebee ( Bombus lucorum )
Dark bumblebee

Subgenus Cullumanobombus

Subgenus callobombus

Thistle bumblebee

Subgenus Megabombus

Garden bumblebee with pollen pants
Field bumblebee

Subgenus melanobombus

Stone bumblebee

Subgenus Mendacibombus

Subgenus Orientalibombus

Subgenus Psithyrus - cuckoo bumblebees

Bearded cuckoo bumblebee
Rock cuckoo bumblebee killed by female workers of a stone bumblebee colony. Also some of the workers who were killed in the fight.

For a long time, the cuckoo bumblebee was viewed by most authors as an independent genus. Phylogenetic studies in the 1990s showed, however, that cuckoo bumblebees and bumblebees are not in a sister group relationship to one another, the genus Bombus is paraphyletic after splitting off from Psithyrus . Differences in the body structure of the cuckoo bumblebees are largely just an adaptation to the different way of life, but not an indication of a different origin. One solution would be to split the genus Bombus into further genres, which most experts reject because of the pronounced uniformity of the group. According to the currently accepted status of the system, Psithyrus is therefore only regarded as a subgenus of Bombus .

Subgenus Pyrobombus

Male tree bumblebee ( Bombus hypnorum )
Meadow bumblebee ( Bombus pratorum ), drone

Subgenus Sibiricobombus

Sub-genus subterranean obombus

Deichhummel

Subgenus Thoracobombus

Bombus schrencki
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus sylvarum
Bombus veteranus

literature

  • PH Williams: Phylogenetic relationships among bumblebees. in: Systematic entomology. Blackwell, Oxford 19.1994, 327-344, ISSN  0307-6970
  • PH Williams: An annotated checklist of bumblebees with an analysis of patterns of description. in: Bulletin of the Natural History Museum (Entomology). Intercept, Andover 67.1998, 79-152, ISSN  0968-0454

Individual evidence

  1. ^ PH Williams. (1998) An annotated checklist of bumble bees with an analysis of patterns of description (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombini) . in: Bulletin of The Natural History Museum (Entomology) 67: 79-152 [updated by http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/projects/bombus/ ].
  2. ^ SA Cameron, HM Hines, PH Williams. (2007) A comprehensive phylogeny of the bumble bees (Bombus) . in: Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 91, 161-188.
  3. ^ Williams, PH, Cameron SA, Hines HM, Cederberg B., Rasmont P. (2008) A simplified subgeneric classification of the bumblebees (genus Bombus) . Apidology 39, [1-29].

Web links

Commons : Bumblebees  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Hummel  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
Wiktionary: Hummelart  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations