Heidehummel
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Heidehummel ( Bombus jonellus ) |
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| Bombus jonellus | ||||||||||||
| Kirby , 1802 |
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The Heidehummel ( Bombus jonellus ) is a kind of the bumblebees ( Bombus ).
features
The heather bumblebee queens have a body length of 15 to 18 mm, the workers from 9 to 14 mm and the drones from 11 to 14 mm. Their coloring is similar to that of the garden bumblebee ( Bombus hortorum ). The basic color is black, with three yellow stripes over the collar, shields of the trunk and the first tergite of the free abdomen. The end of the abdomen (tergites four and five of the free abdomen) is white. It has a short trunk. It can be distinguished from the similarly colored species as follows: The hairs are relatively light yellow, not orange. The black band on the back of the thorax between the wing bases (interalar band) is wide, twice as wide as the anterior yellow band. The metatarsus (the elongated, first phalanx) of the middle legs is rounded on the inside at the tip (tapering to a point in all similarly colored species of Central Europe). In addition, the head is short when viewed from the front, not elongated as in the garden bumblebee.
Habitat and way of life
It lives in open landscapes, mostly in moors, sandy and mountain heaths, in the mountains but also in woody stands. A colony comprises around 50–120 animals. She is one of the pollen storers . The active flying season is from late March to mid-September. A second generation can be produced in long and warm summers, including in Scandinavia. Heather bumblebees produce a high-pitched buzzing sound in flight.
In large parts of its range, but not everywhere, it specializes in flowers of the heather family ( Ericaceae ) such as common heather ( Calluna vulgaris ).
Bombus jonellus is host to the cuckoo bumblebee Bombus (Psithyrus) flavidus .
distribution
The species is distributed in the Palearctic , from western Europe to the Russian Pacific coast, including Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands . In Europe it lives from Scandinavia north of the Arctic Circle, Iceland and Great Britain southwards, the southern limit of distribution extends from the Cantabrian mountains of northern Spain over the Alps including the northern Apennines and the northern Balkans and the forest zone of Ukraine to Siberia. There is also a rather isolated statement for Turkey.
It is considered a common species in the northern parts of its range, including the Russian tundra, Scandinavia and Great Britain. It becomes rarer towards the south and is restricted to the high mountains in the southernmost parts of its range. In Germany it is considered to be endangered, locally, for example in Westphalia even as threatened with extinction.
Phylogeny, Taxonomy and Systematics
The species was first described by Kirby as Apis jonella . It is assigned to the subgenus Pyrobombus . Synonyms are Bombus scrimshiranus (Kirby, 1802), Bombus alboanalis Franklin, 1913.
Closest related species are the boreal arctic Bombus cingulatus and the North American Bombus frigidus , to which it is more closely related than to the other European Pyrobombus species.
In addition to the nominate form , the following subspecies are specified for the species :
- Bombus jonellus subborealis Richards, 1933. Scandinavia
- Bombus jonellus vogti Richards, 1933
- Bombus jonellus monapiae Kruseman, 1953
- Bombus jonellus vogtianus Rasmont, 1983
- Bombus jonellus martes Gerstaecker, 1869. Alps
- Bombus jonellus yarrowianus (Rasmont, 1986)
However, these are not recognized by many taxonomists.
supporting documents
- Eberhard von Hagen: Hummeln: determine, settle, multiply, protect , p. 212
- Heidehummel at wildbienen.de
Individual evidence
- ↑ Joseph F. Gokcezade, Barbara-Amina Gereben-Krenn, Johann Neumayer, Harald W. Krenn: Field determination key for the bumblebees of Austria, Germany and Switzerland (Hymenoptera, Apidae). In: Linz biological contributions. 42nd year, issue 1, Linz 2010, pp. 5–42 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
- ↑ D. Goulson, ME Hanley, B. Darvill, JS Ellis, ME Knight (2005): Causes of rarity in bumblebees. Biological Conservation 122: 1-8. doi : 10.1016 / j.biocon.2004.06.017
- ↑ M. Yu. Proshchalykin & AN Kupianskaya (2005): The bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) of the northern part of the Russian far east. Far Eastern Entomologist 153: 1-39
- ↑ AS AN Lelej & Kupianskaya (2000): The bumble-bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombinae) of the Kuril Islands. Far Eastern Entomologist 95: 1-17.
- ↑ Irene B. Konovalova (2010): The Bumble Bees of Ukraine: Species Distribution and Floral Preferences. Psyche Volume 2010, Article ID 819740, 10 pages doi : 10.1155 / 2010/819740
- ↑ Pierre Rasmont & Stéphanie Iserbyt: Atlas of the European Bees: genus Bombus
- ^ Andrew Grace: Introductory Biogeography to Bees of the Eastern Mediterranean and Near East. Bexhill Museum. Sussex. United Kingdom. First Edition published 2010. ISBN 978-0-9537091-9-9
- ↑ Yu. S. Kolosova & GS Potapov (2011): Bumblebees (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in the Forest-Tundra and Tundra of Northeast Europe. Entomological Review Vol. 91, No. 7: 830-836.
- ↑ D. Goulson, ME Hanley, B. Darvill, J: S. Ellis (2006): Biotope associations and the decline of bumblebees (Bombus spp.), Journal of Insect Conservation 10 (2): 95-103. doi : 10.1007 / s10841-006-6286-3
- ↑ Paul Westrich: Red List of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Germany ( Memento of the original from May 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Bombus jonellus at Hym-IS Germany Hymenoptera Information System ( Memento of the original from May 12, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Michael Kuhlmann (1999): Red list of endangered voices (wild bees and wasps, Hymenoptera aculeata) of Westphalia. published by the LANUV State Office for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection in North Rhine-Westphalia. PDF ( Memento of the original from June 30, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Heather M. Hines, Sydney A. Cameron, Paul H. Williams (2006): Molecular phylogeny of the bumble bee subgenus Pyrobombus (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus) with insights into gene utility for lower-level analysis. Invertebrate Systematics 20: 289-303. doi : 10.1071 / IS05028
