Lithostegs griseata
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| ( Denis & Schiffermüller , 1775) |
Lithostege griseata , also called Schöterichspanner , Grauer Sophienkrautspanner , Brown-pollinated Club leg spanner or Sophienkrautspanner , is a butterfly ( moth ) from the Spanner family (Geometridae).
features
Lithostege griseata has a wingspan of 23 to 28 mm (24 to 28 mm). The front wings are light gray to whitish gray with dusty dark scales . Occasionally there are also specimens with a brown base color ( forma brunnescens scale). The apex is divided by a more or less distinct dark brown or simply darker apical line. This bends more or less clearly towards the inner edge approximately at the level of the wavy line and can be extended from there as a diagonal line to the tornus of the forewing. Occasionally there is also a weakly drawn inner transverse line that runs parallel to the outer diagonal line ( forma duplicaria Huebner). Often the hemline is also drawn dark. As a result, the fringes, which are often but not always lighter than the basic color of the forewings, are usually clearly visible. The hind wings are whitish, light gray or light brown in color, usually a little lighter than the front wings. Here, too, the hemline is often drawn a little darker than the basic color. The often slightly lighter fringes usually stand out clearly.
Caterpillar and pupa
The relatively slender caterpillar is olive green, yellowish green to greenish white. The back line and the side back lines are darker than the basic color. There are dark, purple-colored spots in the light side stripes. The belly is light. The olive-green head is relatively large and rounded.
The relatively compact, short doll is light brown and spotted. Only the segment incisions, the head area and the cremaster are colored brown. The greenish to light brown wing sheaths clearly show the wing veins. Two short, pointed and diverging bristles sit on the short cremaster .
Geographical distribution and habitat
The species occurs in almost all of Europe, however, with large gaps; from England and the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Ural Mountains and from there to Central Asia and the Transcaucasus region (e.g. Armenia), Asia Minor and the Middle East (to Israel). However, the species is largely absent in France (with the exception of Provence) and z. B. in southern Germany (Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg). It has been proven very locally in Austria and Switzerland, Hungary and Serbia, the Czech Republic, Ukraine and Romania. In the north, the distribution area extends to southern Sweden, in the south to southern Spain and Morocco.
The species prefers warm, open, dry habitats with little vegetation, where the main caterpillar food plant, the common broom, grows.
Way of life
The species forms one generation per year, the adults of which fly from May to June. The moths are diurnal and nocturnal. You come across artificial light sources at night. Ian Kimber names the following host plants
- Common broom mustache ( Descurainia sophia )
- Field Scotch ( Erysimum cheiranthoides )
The caterpillars eat the developing seed pods of the common broom mustache. The pupa hibernates in a cocoon in loose soil and sometimes hovers over two to three times.
Systematics and taxonomy
The species was first scientifically described in 1775 by Michael Denis and Johann Ignaz Schiffermüller . The type locality is the area around Vienna. The variability in color and drawing has led to the establishment of a whole series of synonyms and color varieties. There are currently two subspecies:
- Lithostege griseata griseata (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
- Lithostege griseata cycnaria Guenée, 1858, type locality unknown, holotype disappeared. According to Leraut, it belongs to Lithostege cinerata . Hausmann lists the taxon as a subspecies of Lithostege griseata
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ Red lists at Science4you
- ↑ a b c Leraut (2009: p. 725)
- ↑ Skou (1986: p. 205)
- ↑ a b c Forster & Wohlfahrt (1971: p. 68) (as Lithostege asinata )
- ↑ Lepiforum - Lithostege griseata
- ↑ M. Garre Belmonte: Los Lepidoptera de la Sierra de Altaona y su entorno (Murcia, España) (Insecta: Lepidoptera). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología, 35 (140): 373-380, 2007 PDF ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Corley, MFV; Marabuto, E .; Maravalhas, E .; Pires, P .; Cardoso, JP New and interesting Portuguese Lepidoptera records from 2008 (Insecta: Lepidoptera) SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología, 37 (148): 463-484, 2009 Research Gate
- ↑ a b Website of Heiner Ziegler - Lithostege griseata from Armenia
- ↑ Axel Hausmann: The Geometrid Moths of various entomological collections in Israel (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Entomofauna, Journal of Entomology, 18 (1): 1-20, Vienna 1997 PDF
- ^ Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 8. Moth VI (Geometridae 1st part). Ulmer Verlag Stuttgart 2001. ISBN 3-8001-3497-7
- ↑ PDF at euromothnights.uw.hu
- ↑ BioLib
- ↑ The illustrated copies of Lithostege griseata come from the Ukraine ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Levente Székely: The Lepidoptera of Bucharest and surroundings (Romania). PDF ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ UK moths - website of Ian Kimber ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as broken. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b PDF
- ↑ Manfred Koch , Wolfgang Heinicke, Bernd Müller: We determine butterflies. Volume 4: Spanner. 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. Neumann, Leipzig / Radebeul 1976, DNB 780451570 .
- ↑ Lithostege griseata cycnaria picture
- ↑ Online at Gallica.fr
literature
- Arno Bergmann: The large butterflies of Central Germany. Volume 5/1: Spanner. Distribution, forms and communities. Urania-Verlag, Jena 1955, DNB 450378403 .
- Patrice Leraut: Moths of Europe. Volume II. Geometrid moths. NAP Editions 2009, ISBN 978-2-913688-09-4
- Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 5: Spanner. (Geometridae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-440-04951-5 .
- Peder Skou: The geometroid moths of North Europe (Lepidoptera, Drepanidae and Geometridae). 348 S., Leiden, Brill, 1986 online at GoogleBooks
annotation
- ↑ The German names are completely unusual. The publications (Butterflies of Baden-Württemberg, The Butterflies of Central Europe and the Lepiforum) do not use any of the above common German names. The name Grauer Feldflur-Sophienraukenspanner, created by Bergmann, received no attention.
Web links
- Lepiforum eV photos
- www.schmetterlinge-deutschlands.de Endangerment
- Hants moths - The Moths of Hampshire and Isle of Wight
- Bold Systems Taxonomy Browser
- Lithostege griseata at Fauna Europaea