Arable scotland

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Arable scotland
Field scotland (Erysimum cheiranthoides), illustration

Field scotland ( Erysimum cheiranthoides ), illustration

Systematics
Rosids
Eurosiden II
Order : Cruciferous (Brassicales)
Family : Cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae)
Genre : Scot oak ( Erysimum )
Type : Arable scotland
Scientific name
Erysimum cheiranthoides
L.

The field scotland ( Erysimum cheiranthoides L.), also known as field pod , goose pest , goose pest , gold lacquer pods , lacquer scotland , or ruderal gold lacquer , is a species of plant that belongs to the cruciferous family (Brassicaceae).

description

Vegetative characteristics

Habit of the arable scotland

The field Schöterich is an annual plant , has at least one upright leafy stem and reaches heights of 15 to 60 cm. The stem is covered with three to four-pointed, short, close-fitting hairs (can only be seen with a magnifying glass). The lanceolate, fully-edged, serrated leaves are arranged alternately on the stem. The lower leaves are stalked and the upper leaves sessile.

Inflorescences, flowers and fruits

Inflorescence from arable scotland

The stalked flowers are in clusters . The flowers quickly turn into thin pods while new flowers form further up the stem. The hermaphroditic, radial symmetry flowers are fourfold. The four green sepals are 1.8 to 3 mm long and 0.5 to 1 mm wide. The four yellow, 3 to 5 mm long and 1.5 to 2 mm wide petals are about twice as long as the sepals . The flowering period is May to September.

The 1 to 3 cm long narrow (usually 1.5 to 2.5 cm × 1 to 1.3 mm) pods have a square cross-section and stand upright on about 6 to 13 mm long fruit stalks. The light brown seeds are elongated with the dimensions 1 to 1.5 × 0.4 to 0.6 mm.

Chromosome number

Its chromosome number is 2n = 16.

Possibility of confusion

At first glance, the field schotterich is very similar to other yellow-flowering cruciferous vegetables, such as field mustard or wall mustard . But its leaves are almost straight-edged and its pods square. When looking at the stem with a magnifying glass, two to three-pointed hairs can be seen pressed against the stem. In addition, the flowers are much smaller.

ecology

The pollination of the arable scotland takes place via insect and self-pollination. Its propagation occurs through self and wind propagation.

The kind is a half-light plant, and a freshness as well as moderate warmth and weak base pointer. It also shows nitrogen abundance. It is rooted up to 50 centimeters deep.

Occurrence

distribution

According to Oberdorfer , the main distribution is Eurasian (species of the large deciduous forest area that crosses Eurasia). The distribution extends over the meridional to boreal climatic zones of Europe. It is a neophyte in North America, Argentina, New Zealand and Japan. The species occurs in the altitude levels flat (planar) and hill country (collin). In the Allgäu Alps, it rises above the Ifenhütte in the Kleinwalsertal up to 1650 m above sea level.

Locations

The arable scotland is a poisonous wild plant, mostly regarded as a weed , which used to be used in natural medicine. It grows in gardens, fields and on river banks as well as on fallow land. It often occurs together with the poppy.

The arable scotland prefers to grow on loose and slightly moist limestone soils. Except in fields and gardens, it occurs on river banks and their sand and gravel banks. It also settles on rubble sites, fallow land and on roadsides. In Central Europe it often grows in companies of the Chenopodion rubri association, but also in humid societies of the order Polygono-Chenopodietalia or the Sisymbrion association.

use

The field schöterich is rarely used in naturopathy today because it is poisonous. This is also expressed in the name "geese death". Its fresh herbs, seeds and roots are used. The leaves can be collected from around June to September.
It owes its effect to the heart-active glycosides called chiranthosides. In naturopathy, it is said to be effective against heart failure, convulsive cough, worms and skin rashes.

Common names

The other common German-language names exist or existed for the field Schöterich : Hajj (Nassau), Harich (Nassau), Schotendotter ( Silesia ), Schutsenf and Steinsenf.

swell

literature

  • Oskar Sebald: Guide through nature. Wild plants of Central Europe . ADAC Verlag, Munich 1989, ISBN 3-87003-352-5 .
  • Pierre Delaveau, M. Lorrain, F. Mortier, C. Rivolier: Secrets and healing powers of plants. The best, Zurich / Stuttgart / Vienna 1978, ISBN 3-7166-0018-0 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Zhou Taiyan, Lu Lianli, Yang Guang, Vladimir I. Dorofeyev, Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz: Erysimum. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Volume 8: Brassicaceae through Saxifragaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2001, ISBN 0-915279-93-2 , pp. 168 (English, online ).
  2. ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 .
  3. ↑ Erysimum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved July 26, 2017.
  4. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 576.
  5. ↑ Oskar Sebald: Guide through nature. Wild plants of Central Europe . ADAC Verlag, Munich 1989, ISBN 3-87003-352-5 .
  6. ↑ Zhen-Huan Lei, Hitoshi Nakayama, Akihiko Kuniyasu, Bao-Shan Tai, Toshihiro Nohara: Cardiac glycosides from Erysimum cheiranthoides. In: Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin . Volume 50, No. 6, 2002, pp. 861-862, DOI: 10.1248 / cpb.50.861 , PMID 12045350
  7. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 146. ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Field Schöterich ( Erysimum cheiranthoides )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files