Logistics system

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Every logistic system serves to change goods in terms of space, time, type and quantity . Transport, storage and picking systems fulfill exactly this function. The entire flow of goods is supported by the packaging processes taking place in the packaging system, which make transport, storage and picking easier or often even possible in the first place. Information , i.e. immaterial goods, trigger the entire flow of (material) goods. The flow of information , which is of great importance in the organizational design, runs parallel to the logistical chain and corresponds to the flow of materials.

Basic structures

Every logistics system is characterized by the interaction of movement and storage processes. Objects (goods, energy , information, people) are guided through a network of nodes ( storage , storage ) and edges (movements) .

Different connection structures are possible between source (delivery point) and sink (receiving point).

Single-stage logistics system

In single-stage logistics systems, there is a direct flow of goods between the delivery point and the receiving point.

Multi-level logistics system

With multi-level logistics systems there is an indirect flow of goods - this is interrupted by at least one other node at which additional storage processes and / or movement processes take place. At a dissolution point, the goods arrive in large quantities from the delivery point and leave it in small quantities to various receiving points. The resolution consists either in a pure reduction of the quantities of a certain good or in a compilation (sorting, picking) of goods according to quantity and type (example: a furniture manufacturer maintains regional distribution centers for the supply of the retail trade ). Combined transport that is carried out with different means of transport often occurs in multi-level logistics systems . In a concentration point , smaller quantities arrive from several delivery points and leave it in large quantities to a receiving point.

Example: For an automobile manufacturer, a regional freight forwarder collects individual shipments from several suppliers based in a certain region and puts them on a freight train in a transshipment station or concentrates the load on the largest possible freight carrier in a logistics center. As part of the entire transport chain , the collection of the goods is also referred to as the preliminary leg and the subsequent transport then also as the main leg. The word cross docking is increasingly being used for transshipment centers in German-speaking countries.

Combined logistics system

Combined logistics systems ultimately contain direct and indirect flows of goods side by side.

Logistic systems in the company - subsystems

The various logistical service phases of a company as well as the transformations of the goods they induce together form a logistical system.

After the contents of the logistical task, various logistical Sub (sub) differ within a logistics system systems procurement logistics , production logistics , distribution logistics , disposal logistics .

In accordance with this subdivision, one often speaks of procurement networks, production networks, distribution networks and disposal networks. Integrative relationships exist between the individual subsystems. Each of these subsystems is an object of the higher-level overall system, but also an independent logistics system. It is always necessary to take a holistic view of all logistical processes, because optimal partial solutions do not necessarily have to lead to an optimal overall result.

In the selection / planning of logistics systems or to optimize existing logistics systems all logistics systems used are a powerful network to connect to coordinate and manage the orders and processes of the company to run optimally.

Cooperations in logistics

Logistics is often of no major importance in operational planning, as delays can be absorbed by warehouses and the possible savings in transport costs seem small compared to the scope for negotiating purchase prices. However, through cooperation in purchasing and logistics (also by outsourcing your own logistics or through completely new structures such as shared milk run systems), substantial savings can be achieved in the following areas:

  • Transportation costs
  • Storage costs including inventory costs
  • Order processing costs

See also

literature

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