Lovara

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Lovara (literally "horse traders", from Hungarian ló horse ) are a subgroup of the Roma who live in large parts of Europe, u. a. Germany, Austria, Scandinavia, France, Poland and Hungary, but also overseas. They call themselves less Roma than Rome (also in the plural), which some of them attach particular importance to. Their language is counted among the Vlach dialects of Romanes . It is assumed that they lived for centuries as serfs in Wallachia in what is now Romania , but also for a longer period in Hungary or Hungarian-speaking areas and only migrated north and north-west after the abolition of serfdom in the middle of the 19th century. Most Lovara are Catholic , but free churches, especially the Pentecostal , are finding more and more followers among them.

Lovara in Austria

Some Lovara families, who immigrated from (then still Hungarian) Slovakia in the late 19th century, were resident in Burgenland and Vienna at the end of the 1930s when Austria was annexed to the German Empire . From their settlements, e.g. For example, the Hellerwiese (today: Belgradplatz ) in Vienna's 10th district and the Wanko sites under today's Südosttangente in Leberstrasse in today's 11th district, the extended families were moved to the Litzmannstadt ghetto and, from 1943, also to the " Auschwitz gypsy camp " in the concentration camp Auschwitz-Birkenau deported , the homes, such as the Ringelseeplatz in Floridsdorf, Hellerwiese and the Wanko sites in Vienna, were destroyed after the removal.

Only a few survivors came back after the war, including some members of the originally Romanian-Wallachian extended family Stojka . Then there are the Hungarian Lovara of the Vlach migration in the middle of the 19th century who fled Hungary in 1956 . Most of them live well integrated in the Vienna area today. A number of Lovara living in Austria is not known. Their language, Lovara Romanes , was codified between 1997 and 1999 as part of the Austrian Romani project at the University of Graz , which means that it became a written language for the first time. A dictionary and two volumes of text were created that described grammar. The language is spoken very little, especially by the old Lovara.

The Lovaraweg in Vienna's 21st district ( Floridsdorf ) has been reminiscent of the Lovara since 2001.

The Lovara, as part of the Roma, have been recognized as a minority under the National People's Group Act since 1976, and Roman (es) is a recognized minority language in Austria . In addition to this ( Roman - the language of the Burgenland Roma , April 2011) was 2011, the old songs of the Austria-Lovara as October songs of the Lovara by the Austrian Commission for UNESCO in the list of national intangible cultural heritage in Austria included, in the section Oral traditions . The purpose of this designation is binding protection as a living cultural tradition. She was expelled for Burgenland and Vienna. The musician Harri Stojka is considered to be the most important representative of this genre.

Lovara in Germany

In Germany, the Lovara, next to the Kalderascha (Kelderara) and Tschurara , are sometimes referred to as "German Roma " because they have been in the eastern and northeastern parts of Germany since around the 1870s (in the Rhineland only since around 1900) and thus to be found in Germany longer than those Roma who only immigrated or fled from the Balkans in the last few decades, especially from the area of ​​former Yugoslavia and from Bulgaria and Romania. In contrast to the Kalderascha, for example, the Lovara mostly have German surnames, some of which were adopted by the Sinti . The Lovara dialect is still widespread here. Like the Kalderascha, the Lovara in Germany have family ties to Poland.

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cf. the book by the Austrian Lovariza Ceija Stojka: We live in secret - memories of a Roma gypsy , Vienna 1988. For Germany z. B. the "Rom-Forum NRW eV": [1]  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / rom-forum.ning.com  
  2. ↑ a b c The Austrian Roma. In: Dieter Halwachs : [romani] PROJEKT , Karl Franzens University Graz (romaniprojekt.uni-graz.at, accessed January 29, 2019).
  3. ↑ a b c Lovara. In: Dieter Halwachs: [romani] PROJEKT - Rombase , Karl Franzens University Graz (rombase.uni-graz.at).
  4. ↑ Minorities (politics). Democracyzentrum.org (accessed March 31, 2016).
  5. ↑ Around 40,000 Roma and Sinti live in Austria. medienservicestelle.at, undated (accessed January 29, 2019).
  6. ↑ Songs of Lovara. Austrian Commission for UNESCO: Directory of the intangible cultural heritage in Austria (immaterielleskulturerbe.unesco.at).