Moon shells

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Moon shells
Lucinoma borealis

Lucinoma borealis

Systematics
Class : Mussels (Bivalvia)
Subclass : Autolamellibranchiata
Superordinate : Heterodonta
Order : Lucinoida
Superfamily : Lucinoidea
Family : Moon shells
Scientific name of the  superfamily
Lucinoidea
Fleming, 1828
Scientific name of the  family
Lucinidae
Fleming , 1828

The lucinidae (Lucinidae) are a family of the superfamily Lucinoidea within the shell - order the Lucinoida . The species in the family live in symbiosis with sulfur bacteria . The oldest representatives of the moon shells are known from the Silurian .

features

The small to very large housings are single-sided and round, elliptical or rounded-triangular in outline. The size of the species living today varies from approx. 3 mm to approx. 150 mm. The largest extinct species Superlucina megameris reaches a height of over 31 cm. The outside of the case is mostly ornamented concentrically to smooth, with some types also with more complicated patterns. The shell is aragonitic and consists of an outer prismatic layer, a middle cross-lamellar layer and an inner complex-cross-lamellar layer. The vertebra is small and pointed ortho- or prosogyr. The lock is heterodont or also reduced heterodont. The left valve has two cardinal teeth and two anterior and two posterior lateral teeth. The right valve has two cardinal teeth and one front and one rear lateral tooth. The external ligament is opisthodic and rests on sunken nymphs. The sphincter muscles are more or less irregular ( anisomyar ). The surface line is integripalliat. The gills are usually very large with thick filaments that contain cells with bacteria.

Geographical distribution, habitat and way of life

The superfamily Lucinoidea is distributed worldwide. The species of the family come from the tidal and mangrove area to the deeper area of ​​the continental slope (approx. 2100 m). The Lucinidae live endobenthonic , ie buried in the sediment . If they are exposed, they can bury themselves again very quickly. They have a greatly reduced stomach and live in symbiosis with sulfide-oxidizing bacteria.

Systematics

The earlier, more extensive superfamily Lucinoidea was reduced by Taylor & Glover (2006) to the family Lucinidae, to which the following genera are placed. In the meantime, several subfamilies have also been eliminated, but not all genera have been assigned to the corresponding subfamilies. The following list follows Taylor et al. (2011) and MolluscaBase :

The number of valid genera is very controversial, as some genera are viewed as major genera with several sub-genera. Other authors, however, regard the sub-genres as independent genres or as synonyms of the respective nominate genres.

supporting documents

literature

  • Michael Amler, Rudolf Fischer & Nicole Rogalla: Mussels . Haeckel library, volume 5. Enke Verlag, Stuttgart 2000 ISBN 3-13-118391-8 .
  • Rüdiger Bieler & Paula M. Mikkelsen: Bivalvia - a look at the branches . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 148: 223-235, London 2006 ISSN  0024-4082
  • Rüdiger Bieler & Paula M. Mikkelsen: Bivalvia - a look at the branches . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 148: 223-235, London 2006.
  • Philippe Bouchet & Jean-Pierre Rocroi Rüdiger Bieler Joseph G. Carter Eugene V. Coan: Nomenclator of Bivalve Families with a Classification of Bivalve Families. Malacologia, 52 (2): 1-184, 2010 doi : 10.4002 / 040.052.0201
  • Joseph G. Carter, Cristian R. Altaba, Laurie C. Anderson, Rafael Araujo, Alexander S. Biakov, Arthur E. Bogan, David C. Campbell, Matthew Campbell, Chen Jin-hua, John CW Cope, Graciela Delvene, Henk H Dijkstra, Fang Zong-jie, Ronald N. Gardner, Vera A. Gavrilova, Irina A. Goncharova, Peter J. Harries, Joseph H. Hartman, Michael Hautmann, Walter R. Hoeh, Jorgen Hylleberg, Jiang Bao-yu, Paul Johnston, Lisa Kirkendale, Karl Kleemann, Jens Koppka, Jiří Kříž, Deusana Machado, Nikolaus Malchus, Ana Márquez-Aliaga, Jean-Pierre Masse, Christopher A. McRoberts, Peter U. Middelfart, Simon Mitchell, Lidiya A. Nevesskaja, Sacit Özer , John Pojeta, Jr., Inga V. Polubotko, Jose Maria Pons, Sergey Popov, Teresa Sánchez, André F. Sartori, Robert W. Scott, Irina I. Sey, Javier H. Signorelli, Vladimir V. Silantiev, Peter W. Skelton, Thomas Steuber, J. Bruce Waterhouse, G. Lynn Wingard, Thomas Yancey: A Synoptical Classification of the Bivalvia (Mollusca). Kansas University Paleontological Contributions, 4: 1-47, Lawrence, Kansas, USA 2011, ISSN  1946-0279 PDF
  • John E. Taylor and Emily A. Glover: Lucinidae (Bivalvia) - the most diverse group of chemosymbiontic molluscs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 148: 223-235, London 2006 ISSN  0024-4082
  • John E. Taylor, Emily A. Glover, Lisa Smith, Patricia Dyal, Suzanne T. Williams: Molecular phylogeny and classification of the chemosymbiotic bivalve family Lucinidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 163 (1): 15-49, 2011 doi : 10.1111 / j.1096-3642.2011.00700.x

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Moon shells on page 24 (PDF file; 242 kB)
  2. ↑ John D. Taylor, Emily A. Glover: A giant lucinid bivalve from the Eocene of Jamaica - Systematics, life habits and chemosymbiosis (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Lucinidae). Palaeontology, 52 (1): 95-109, 2009 doi : 10.1111 / j.1475-4983.2008.00839.x
  3. ↑ MolluscaBase: Lucinidae J. Fleming, 1828
  4. ^ Philippe Bouchet & Jean-Pierre Rocroi Rüdiger Bieler Joseph G. Carter Eugene V. Coan: Nomenclator of Bivalve Families with a Classification of Bivalve Families. Malacologia, 52 (2): 1-184, 2010 (p. 125) doi : 10.4002 / 040.052.0201
  5. ↑ a b c d Steffen Kiel: Lucinid bivalves from ancient Methane seeps. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 79: 346-363, 2013 doi : 10.1093 / mollus / eyt035

Web links

Commons : Lucinidae  - collection of images, videos, and audio files