Lymphadenopathy
Classification according to ICD-10 | |
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R59.- | Enlargement of the lymph nodes |
ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019) |
The lymphadenopathy is the pathological swelling of the lymph nodes . In humans , healthy lymph nodes are 0.5 to 1 cm in diameter and up to 2 cm on the neck and groin. Everything larger is considered to be pathological.
Lymphadenopathy is a symptom of the following diseases, among others :
- Reactive lymph node swelling = lymphadenitis
- Neoplasms :
- Sarcoid
- Histiocytosis
- HIV infection
- syphilis
- Infectious mononucleosis
- rubella
- in children: juvenile idiopathic arthritis
The use of certain medications can also lead to swelling of the lymph nodes.
Classification
Lymphadenopathies can be divided into the following categories:
localization
- palpable: submandibular, cervical, supraclavicular, axillary, inguinal
- not palpable: mediastinal, abdominal, biliary
Degree of spread
- regional
- generalized
Causes / differential diagnoses
A multitude of possible causes can be considered, which of course also leads to a multitude of differential diagnoses.
Infections
- regional: streptococci , staphylococci
- generalized: viral infections such as B. mononucleosis , cytomegalovirus , rubella and human immunodeficiency virus or bacterial, by mycobacteria (TBC), toxoplasma or borrelia
Diseases of the lymphatic system
- Leukemia, Hodgkin lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Rheumatic diseases
- Sarcoid, adult Still's disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, Kawasaki syndrome
Metabolic diseases
- Gaucher disease (lysosomal storage disease), Niemann-Pick disease (sphingolipidase, lipid storage disease)
Congenital or acquired immunodeficiency
- Omenn syndrome (combined T and B cell defects), autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS - immune dysregulation), AIDS
Environmental factors
- exogenous allergic alveolitis and pneumoconioses (such as silicosis, berylliosis and asbestosis)
See also
literature
- S1- Guideline Lymph Node Enlargement of the Society for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology (GPOH). In: AWMF online (as of 2012) (The guideline relates to lymph node swelling in children and adolescents)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Alphabetical directory for the ICD-10-WHO version 2019, volume 3. German Institute for Medical Documentation and Information (DIMDI), Cologne, 2019, p. 520