Cytomegalovirus
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The genus Cytomegalovirus (also cytomegalovirus ) currently comprises six classified virus species from the Herpesviridae family . The generic name comes from the type species , the human cytomegalovirus , which can lead to microscopically characteristic, enlarged cells when infected. This leads to an increase in volume of the cell plasma and typical inclusion bodies in the plasma as well as in the cell nucleus . Within the subfamily of the Betaherpesvirinae , the members of the genus Cytomegalovirus are characterized by a particularly large virus genome of more than 200,000 base pairs.
Biological importance
Cytomegaloviruses only infect mammalian cells; so far, they have only been isolated from primates as natural hosts. The viruses are strictly host-specific, so that cytomegaloviruses cannot be transmitted to other species. The primary infection takes place via smear infection, whereby the salivary gland cells represent the first place of multiplication. In the course of the disease , lymphocytes become infected, which can lead to a mononucleosis- like disease lasting a few days. As with all herpes viruses, the primary infection leads to lifelong persistence of the virus, in the case of cytomegaloviruses in salivary gland cells and lymphocytes.
Systematics
- Genus cytomegalovirus
- Species Aotine betaherpesvirus 1 ( Aotine herpesvirus 1 , AoHV-1) ( night monkeys )
- Species Cebine betaherpesvirus 1
- Species Cercopithecine betaherpesvirus 5 ( Cercopithecines herpesvirus 5 , CeHV-5) ( green monkeys )
- Species human betaherpesvirus 5 ( human herpesvirus 5 , HHV-5, or human cytomegalovirus , HCMV)
- Species Macacine betaherpesvirus 3
- Species Macacine betaherpesvirus 8 ( macaque herpesvirus 3 , McHV-3 or Cercopithecines herpesvirus 8 ) ( rhesus monkeys )
- Species mandrillin betaherpesvirus 1
- Species Panine betaherpesvirus 2 ( Panine herpesvirus 2 or Pongines herpesvirus 4 , PnHV-4, chimpanzee herpesvirus 4 )
- Species Papiine betaherpesvirus 3 ( Papiines herpesvirus 3 ) ( baboons ).
- Species Papiine betaherpesvirus 4
- Species Saimiriine betaherpesvirus 4 ( Saimiriine herpesvirus 4 , SaHV-4) ( squirrel monkey )
- Unclassified species of the genus include a .:
- Species " Aotine Herpesvirus 2 " (AoHV-2)
- Species " Aotus nancymaae cytomegalovirus " ( Nancy Ma night monkey )
- Species " Aotus vociferans cytomegalovirus " ( Spix's night monkey )
- Species " Pan paniscus cytomegalovirus 1 " ( Bonobos )
- Species " Pan paniscus cytomegalovirus 2 " (Bonobos)
The species murine cytomegalovirus 1 , 2 and 8 in mice and rats previously assigned to the genus are currently assigned to the genus Muromeglovirus as Murid betaherpesvirus 1 , 2 and 8 , respectively .
literature
- PE Pellett et al. : Genus Cytomegalovirus . In: A. M. Q. King, M. J. Adams, E. B. Carstens, E. J. Lefkowitz (Eds.): Virus Taxonomy. Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Amsterdam 2012 ISBN 978-0-12-384684-6 p. 115ff
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Human alphaherpesvirus 1 , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)
- ↑ NCBI: unclassified cytomegalovirus